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Manufacturers: DARNITSA (Pharmaceutical company)
Active ingredients
- Theophylline
Disease class
- Not indicated. See instructions
Clinical and pharmacological group
- Not indicated. See instructions
Pharmacological action
- Not indicated. See instructions
Pharmacological group
- Not indicated. See instructions
Pharmacological properties of the drug Neophyllin
Theophylline (1,3-dimethylxanthine) is a natural compound, an alkaloid. The mechanism of its action is primarily due to blocking of adenosine receptors, inhibition of phosphodiesterases, an increase in the content of intracellular cAMP, and a decrease in the intracellular concentration of calcium ions. As a result, the smooth muscles of the bronchi, gastrointestinal tract, biliary tract, uterus, coronary, cerebral and pulmonary vessels relax, the coronary arteries dilate, and peripheral vascular resistance decreases. The drug increases the tone of the respiratory muscles (intercostal muscles and diaphragm), reduces pulmonary vascular resistance and improves blood oxygenation, activates the respiratory center of the medulla oblongata, increases its sensitivity to carbon dioxide, improves alveolar ventilation, which leads to a decrease in the severity and frequency of apnea episodes. Theophylline eliminates vasospasm, increases collateral blood flow and oxygen saturation, reduces perifocal and general cerebral edema, reduces cerebrospinal fluid and, accordingly, intracranial pressure. Improves the rheological properties of blood, reduces thrombus formation, inhibits platelet aggregation (inhibiting platelet activating factor and prostaglandin F2-α), normalizes microcirculation. It has an antiallergic effect, suppressing mast cell degranulation and reducing the level of allergy mediators (serotonin, histamine, leukotrienes). It increases renal blood flow, has a diuretic effect due to a decrease in tubular reabsorption, increases the excretion of water, chlorine ions, sodium, etc. The effect of the drug fully develops after 3-4 days from the start of treatment. When taken orally, theophylline is completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, bioavailability is about 90%. When taking theophylline in the form of extended-release tablets, the maximum concentration is achieved after 6 hours. Plasma protein binding is about 60% in healthy adults and 35% in patients with cirrhosis. Penetrates through histohematic barriers, distributed in tissues. About 90% of theophylline is metabolized in the liver with the participation of several cytochrome P450 isoenzymes to inactive metabolites - 1,3-dimethyluric acid, 1-methyluric acid and 3-methylxanthine. Excreted mainly by the kidneys in the form of metabolites; up to 13% of the drug is excreted unchanged in adults, and up to 50% of the drug in children. Partially excreted in breast milk. The half-life of theophylline depends on age and the presence of concomitant diseases and is 6–12 hours in adult patients with asthma, 3–4 hours in children over 6 months, 4–5 hours in smokers, 4–5 hours in elderly patients and with cardiac disease. failure, impaired liver function, pulmonary edema, COPD and bronchitis - more than 24 hours, which requires appropriate adjustment of the interval between doses of the drug. The therapeutic concentration of theophylline in the blood to achieve a bronchodilator effect is 10-20 mcg/ml, for a stimulating effect on the respiratory center - 5-10 mcg/ml. Toxic concentration is above 20 mcg/ml.
Reviews
Information about this substance can be viewed from two sides. Therefore, first you need to understand how theophylline , what it is and what effect it has on the human body. Theophylline originally discovered in tea leaves and is similar in chemical structure to caffeine , although, unlike it, it exhibits different effects. The beneficial effects of tea on diseases of the lungs , cardiovascular system and other painful conditions have been known for a long time, and although the amount of theophylline in tea is quite small, it is certainly one of the components of the positive effect of this drink on the human body.
theophylline appeared , that is, a chemical used in medicine. Reviews from doctors about this drug, although not excellent, are often positive, with mention of some side effects . The thing is that the advisability of prescribing Theophylline can only be assessed by a doctor who has not only knowledge, but also sufficient experience. For example, the long-acting tablets we are considering are not suitable for relieving attacks , whereas with long-term therapy they can show excellent treatment results. You should also take into account medical history , concomitant diseases, individual sensitivity , taking other medications and much more, which is impossible for a person to do without appropriate training. In this regard, a doctor should prescribe therapy, and then the drug Theophylline will show all its positive sides.
Use of the drug Neophyllin
The dose of the drug is selected individually depending on the severity of the disease, the patient’s body weight, age, and metabolic characteristics of smokers. In adults, the initial dose is usually 0.3 g once a day. After 3 days, in the absence of serious side effects, the dose can be increased to a maintenance dose - 0.6 g (0.3 g 2 times a day), in the case of predominantly night and morning attacks - 0.6 g once in the evening. In smoking patients, the initial dose is 0.3 g once a day, which, if well tolerated, is gradually increased every 2 days by 0.3 g to a maintenance dose of 0.9–1.2 g (0.6 g in the evening, 0.3 -0.6 g in the morning). For persons weighing less than 60 kg, the daily dose is 0.3 g (once a day or 0.2 g in the evening and 0.1 g in the morning); for body weight less than 40 kg, the initial dose is 0.2 g once a day, the maintenance dose is 0.4 g (0.2 g 2 times a day). In children aged 12–16 years with a body weight of 40–60 kg, the initial dose is 0.3 g 1 time per day. After 3 days, if well tolerated, the dose can be increased to a maintenance dose of 0.6 g (0.3 g 2 times a day). For children aged 6–12 years with a body weight of 20–40 kg, the initial dose is 0.2 g 1 time per day. After 3 days, if well tolerated, the dose can be increased to a maintenance dose of 0.4 g (0.2 g 2 times a day). The initial dose for children aged 3–6 years weighing up to 20 kg is 0.1 g 1 time per day. After 3 days, if well tolerated, the dose can be increased to a maintenance dose of 0.2 g (0.1 g 2 times a day).
Neofilin oral tablets
Instructions for medical use of the drug
Description of pharmacological action
The drug increases the tone of the respiratory muscles (intercostal muscles and diaphragm), reduces pulmonary vascular resistance and improves blood oxygenation, activates the respiratory center of the medulla oblongata, increases its sensitivity to carbon dioxide, improves alveolar ventilation, which leads to a decrease in the severity and frequency of apnea episodes. Theophylline eliminates vasospasm, increases collateral blood flow and oxygen saturation, reduces perifocal and general cerebral edema, reduces cerebrospinal fluid and, accordingly, intracranial pressure. Improves the rheological properties of blood, reduces thrombus formation, and inhibits platelet aggregation.
Indications for use
Bronchial asthma, status asthmaticus, chronic obstructive bronchitis and lung diseases with symptoms of bronchial obstruction, pulmonary hypertension, sleep apnea.
Release form
extended-release tablets 100 mg No. 50
Use during pregnancy
Contraindicated.
Contraindications for use
Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug and xanthine derivatives (caffeine, pentoxifylline), epilepsy, peptic ulcer of the stomach or duodenum in the acute stage, glaucoma, simultaneous use of oleandomycin or erythromycin, hemorrhagic stroke, hemorrhage in the retina, acute myocardial infarction, severe atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, previous internal bleeding, pregnancy, lactation, children under 3 years of age, severe arterial hypertension, tachyarrhythmia, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, hyperthyroidism.
Side effects
From the central nervous system: headache, dizziness, agitation, tremor, anxiety, insomnia, convulsions. From the gastrointestinal tract: discomfort and pain in the epigastric region, vomiting, heartburn, exacerbation of cholecystitis, cholestatic hepatitis, increased concentrations of ALT, AST in the blood. From the cardiovascular system: tachycardia, arrhythmia, decreased blood pressure. Allergic reactions: skin rash, itching, flu-like syndrome, difficulty in nasal breathing.
Directions for use and doses
The dose of the drug is selected individually depending on the severity of the disease, the patient’s body weight, age, and metabolic characteristics of smokers. In adults, the initial dose is usually 0.3 g once a day. After 3 days, in the absence of serious side effects, the dose can be increased to a maintenance dose - 0.6 g (0.3 g 2 times a day), in the case of predominantly night and morning attacks - 0.6 g once in the evening. In smoking patients, the initial dose is 0.3 g once a day, which, if well tolerated, is gradually increased every 2 days by 0.3 g to a maintenance dose of 0.9-1.2 g (0.6 g in the evening, 0.3 -0.6 g in the morning). In persons weighing less than 60 kg: the daily dose is 0.3 g (1 time per day or dividing the dose: 0.2 g in the evening, 0.1 g in the morning); for body weight less than 40 kg: the initial dose is 0.2 g 1 time per day, maintenance dose is 0.4 g (0.2 g 2 times per day). In children 12-16 years old (with a body weight of 40-60 kg): the initial dose is 0.3 g 1 time per day. After 3 days, if well tolerated, the dose can be increased to a maintenance dose of 0.6 g (0.3 g 2 times a day). In children 6-12 years old (with a body weight of 20-40 kg): the initial dose is 0.2 g 1 time per day. After 3 days, if well tolerated, the dose can be increased to a maintenance dose of 0.4 g (0.2 g 2 times a day). In children 3-6 years old (with body weight up to 20 kg): the initial dose is 0.1 g 1 time per day. After 3 days, if well tolerated, the dose can be increased to a maintenance dose of 0.2 g (0.1 g 2 times a day).
Overdose
Symptoms in adults: convulsions, increased body temperature, cardiac disturbances (tachycardia, ventricular arrhythmias, hypotension). Symptoms in children: increased excitability, mental disorders, increased body temperature, nausea, convulsions, tachycardia, hypotension, dyspnea. Treatment. Stop taking the drug, gastric lavage, intestinal irrigation with a combination of polyethylene glycol and salts, taking activated charcoal, stimulating the removal of theophylline from the body (forced diuresis, hemosorption, plasma sorption, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis) and prescribing symptomatic drugs: for severe nausea and vomiting - metoclopramide or ondansetron , for convulsions - diazepam.
Interactions with other drugs
With the simultaneous use of theophylline preparations with sympathomimetics and diuretics, their action mutually enhances; with β-blockers and lithium preparations - their effect mutually decreases. The pharmacotherapeutic effects of theophylline may be reduced when used simultaneously with xanthines, carbamazepine, diphenine, rifampicin, isoniazid, terbutaline. Allopurinol, cimetidine, isoprenaline, cyclosporine A, macrolide antibiotics (erythromycin, oleandomycin), lincomycin, oral contraceptives (estrogens) and anti-influenza serum increase the risk of side effects of theophylline (due to a decrease in its clearance), which necessitates the need to adjust its dose. The risk of developing side effects of glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, anesthetics increases (the risk of ventricular arrhythmias increases), xanthines and drugs that excite the central nervous system (neurotoxicity increases), ephedrine and ephedrine-containing drugs, beta-adrenergic agonists.
Special instructions for use
In case of severe diseases of the cardiovascular system, liver, viral infection, or in the elderly, the dose of the drug should be reduced and used with caution. In smokers, the effectiveness of the drug may be reduced.
Storage conditions
Store in original packaging at a temperature not exceeding 25 °C. Keep out of the reach of children.
Best before date
24 months
Contraindications to the use of the drug Neophyllin
Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug and xanthine derivatives (caffeine, pentoxifylline), epilepsy, peptic ulcer of the stomach or duodenum, glaucoma, simultaneous use of oleandomycin or erythromycin, hemorrhagic stroke, hemorrhage in the retina, acute myocardial infarction, severe atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, previous internal bleeding, pregnancy and lactation, age up to 3 years, severe hypertension (arterial hypertension), tachyarrhythmia, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, hyperthyroidism.
Drug interactions Neophylline
With the simultaneous use of theophylline preparations with sympathomimetics and diuretics, their action mutually enhances; with β-adrenergic receptor blockers and lithium preparations, their effect is mutually reduced. The pharmacotherapeutic effects of theophylline may be reduced (due to an increase in its clearance through the induction of microsomal liver enzymes) when used simultaneously with xanthines, carbamazepine, diphenin, rifampicin, isoniazid, terbutaline. Allopurinol, cimetidine, isoprenaline, cyclosporine A, macrolide antibiotics (erythromycin, oleandomycin), lincomycin, oral contraceptives (estrogens) and anti-influenza serum increase the risk of side effects of theophylline (due to a decrease in its clearance), which necessitates the need to adjust its dose. The risk of developing side effects of corticosteroids, mineralocorticoids, anesthetics (increases the risk of ventricular arrhythmias), xanthines and central nervous system stimulants (increases neurotoxicity), ephedrine and ephedrine-containing drugs, β-adrenergic agonists increases.
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** The Drug Directory is intended for informational purposes only. For more complete information, please refer to the manufacturer's instructions. Do not self-medicate; Before starting to use Neofilin, you should consult a doctor. EUROLAB is not responsible for the consequences caused by the use of information posted on the portal. Any information on the site does not replace medical advice and cannot serve as a guarantee of the positive effect of the drug.
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** Attention! The information presented in this medication guide is intended for medical professionals and should not be used as a basis for self-medication. The description of the drug Neofilin is provided for informational purposes and is not intended for prescribing treatment without the participation of a doctor. Patients need to consult a specialist!
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Neophylline drug overdose, symptoms and treatment
Symptoms in adults: convulsions, increased body temperature, cardiac disturbances (tachycardia, ventricular arrhythmias, arterial hypotension). Symptoms in children: increased excitability, mental disorders, increased body temperature, nausea, convulsions, tachycardia, arterial hypotension, dyspnea. Treatment: stopping the drug, gastric lavage, intestinal irrigation with a combination of polyethylene glycol and salts, taking activated charcoal, stimulating the removal of theophylline from the body (forced diuresis, hemosorption, plasma sorption, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis) and prescribing symptomatic drugs: for severe nausea and vomiting - metoclopramide or ondansetron, for seizures - diazepam.
Analogs
Level 4 ATC code matches:
Aerophyllin
Eufillin
Theotard
Teopek
Aminophylline
Neophylline
Theophylline analogues are represented by the following drugs:
- Eufillin;
- Teofedrine-N;
- Diprophylline;
- Theobromine;
- Neo-Theophedrine.
