Aluminum hydroxide is a substance with interesting properties

This article is about Al(OH)3.
For AlOH, see Aluminum monohydroxide. Aluminum hydroxide

Aluminum hydroxide

, Al(OH)3, occurs in nature as the mineral gibbsite (also known as hydrargillite) and its three much rarer polymorphs: bayerite, doilite and norstrandite. Aluminum hydroxide is amphoteric in nature, i.e., it has both basic and acidic properties. Close relatives are aluminum hydroxide AlO (OH) and aluminum oxide or alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), the latter of which is also amphoteric. These compounds together are the main components of the aluminum ore bauxite.

Chemical properties

Chemical formula of Aluminum Hydroxide: Al(OH)3. It is a chemical compound of aluminum oxide and water. It is synthesized in the form of a white jelly-like substance that is poorly soluble in water. The hydroxide has 4 crystalline modifications: Nordstrandite (β), monoclinic (γ) gibbsite, bayerite (γ) and hydragilite. There is also an amorphous substance, the composition of which varies: Al2O3•nH2O.

Chemical properties. The compound exhibits amphoteric properties. Aluminum hydroxide reacts with alkalis: when reacting with sodium hydroxide in solution, Na(Al(OH)4) is obtained; when substances fuse, water and NaAlO2 are formed. When heated, aluminum hydroxide decomposes to water and aluminum oxide . The substance does not react with ammonia . Reaction of aluminum plus sodium hydroxide : 2Al + 2NaOH + 6H2O = 2Na[Al(OH)4] + 3H2.

Preparation of Aluminum Hydroxide. The chemical compound is obtained from Al salts by reacting them with an aqueous solution of alkali in a deficiency, avoiding excess. Sodium hydroxide to aluminum chloride AlCl3 - as a result, the required substance precipitates in the form of a white precipitate and sodium chloride .

The product can also be obtained by reacting a water-soluble aluminum salt with an alkali metal carbonate. For example, add sodium carbonate aluminum chloride - the result is sodium chloride , carbon dioxide and Al hydroxide .

Application:

• used for water purification as an adsorbent;
• aluminum sulfate can be synthesized by reacting Al hydroxide and sulfuric acid ;
• as an adjuvant in vaccine production;
• in medicine as an antacid ;
• in the manufacture of plastic and other materials as a combustion suppressant.

Links[edit]

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Indications for use

The medicine is used:

• for the treatment of duodenal and gastric ulcers
• for chronic gastritis with normal and increased secretory function of the stomach during an exacerbation;
• during treatment a hiatal hernia
• to eliminate discomfort and pain in the stomach;
• for heartburn after drinking alcohol, coffee or nicotine, certain medications;
• in case of non-compliance with the diet.

Interaction

The dosage of Quinidine should be reduced when taken simultaneously with aluminum hydroxide. It should be taken into account that Al(OH)3 increases the concentration of Quinidine.

When using, it is worth considering that the drug can reduce the degree of absorption of certain medications in the intestinal walls:

• Amino acids (Penicillamine, Cuprenil, Mercaptil);
• Glucose;
• Acetylsalicylic acid preparations (Lospirin, Aspirin, Cardiomagnyl, etc.);
• Antihistamines (Suprastin, Zodak, Cetrin, Claritin, Dimetinden, Fexofenadine);
• Bisphosphonates (Risedronic acid, Zoledronic acid);
• Sodium fluoride;
• Glucocorticoids (Dexamethasone, Methylprednisolone, Betamethasone);
• Cardiac glycosides (Digoxin);
• Isonicotinic acid derivatives (Isoniazid);
• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Indomethacin, Diflunisal);
• Fungicidal drugs (Ketoconazole);
• Proton pump inhibitors - antiulcers (Lansoprazole);
• Antibiotics;
• Lincosamides (Lincomycin and Clindamycin);
• Tetracyclines (Tetracycline, Doxycycline);
• Fluoroquinolones (Norfloxacin, Gatifloxacin, Ciprofloxacin);
• Cephalosporins (Cefpodoxime);
• Non-selective beta-blockers (Propranolol);
• β-adrenergic cardioselective blockers (Metoprolol);
• Iron preparations (Ferrum Lek, Maltofer);
• Thyroid hormones (Levothyroxine);
• Antipsychotic drugs (Aminazine, Haloperidol);
• Statins (Rosuvostatin, Simvastatin);
• Cation exchange resin - Sodium polystyrene sulfate. Concomitant use of drugs increases the risk of acid-base imbalance and intestinal lumen disruption;
• Dietary supplements with phosphorus.

To avoid increasing the dosage of the above medications, it is necessary to make an interval between doses of 2 hours. Citrates enhance the absorption of aluminum hydroxide into the general bloodstream, which can negatively affect the health of people suffering from kidney failure.

special instructions

It is worth stopping taking the drug if, within 10 days of treatment with aluminum hydroxide, dyspeptic symptoms do not go away or worsen.

The dosage interval between aluminum hydroxide and some drugs is at least 2 hours. An antacid reduces the degree of absorption of drugs in the intestinal walls. The interval of administration with fluoroquinolones should be at least 4 hours.

The duration of drug therapy for people with liver dysfunction should not exceed more than 8 weeks. It is worth including foods high in phosphates in the menu: seafood and fish, meat, carbonated mineral drinks, cheeses.

Childhood

The hydroxide suspension is approved for use by children strictly under the supervision of a specialist.

special instructions

The substance is not recommended for use in children.

Particular care is taken when treating patients with phosphorus metabolism disorders.

Do not exceed the recommended daily dosage of the drug, this can lead to phosphorus deficiency in the body, cause bone resorption and hypercalciuria with osteomalacia .

It is necessary to maintain a 2-hour interval between taking the medicine and indomethacin , aminazine , salicylates , phenytoin , beta-blockers , isoniazid , histamine H2 receptor blockers, diflunisal , phosphorus-containing drugs.

Contraindications

Absolute contraindications for the advisability of use are:

1. Individual hypersensitivity.
2. Senile dementia. Alzheimer's disease. An increase in the concentration of aluminum anions in the blood is a risk factor for aggravating the course of the disease.
3. Kidney stone disease. Chronic renal failure. Since the drug forms insoluble complexes with phosphates in the intestines and interferes with the absorption of phosphorus.
4. Reduced phosphate levels in the blood (hypophosphatemia). This threatens to disrupt the activity of the skeletal, cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
5. Proctogenic and cologenic constipation.
6. Paralytic intestinal obstruction. Aluminum hydroxide slows intestinal motility.
7. Pregnancy. Lactation.

There are also relative contraindications for the use of the drug, taking special care and under the strict supervision of a specialist:

• diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2;
• eating foods low in phosphates;
• treatment with an “artificial kidney” device (hemodialysis);
• minor severity of chronic renal failure.

Reviews

Some reviews about Aluminum Hydroxide preparations:

• “... The medicine helps me well with heartburn and stomach pain on holidays, when I really want to break my diet and eat something spicy or very salty”;
• “... When I was pregnant, I began to be bothered by stomach problems, pain and heartburn. The doctor recommended this drug and took it in the form of a suspension when the first signs appeared. The discomfort goes away within 5 minutes. Good medicine. It suited me very well”;
• “... I take it in combination with other drugs in tablets. I must say that this is the most harmless thing that was prescribed to me. There don’t seem to be any adverse reactions from it.”

Side effects

Taking aluminum hydroxide may have some side effects:

• manifestation of allergic reactions (skin itching, redness on the skin, swelling of the pancreas and mucous membranes, etc.);
• dyspeptic disorders (nausea up to vomiting, intestinal upset or, conversely, constipation);
• disturbance of taste sensations;
• changes in water-salt metabolism (increase in Ca+, Al+ in the blood plasma, decrease in K+ and P+);
• violation of the skeletal system: osteoporosis (fragility) and osteomalacia (softening of bones);
• encephalopathy, dementia;
• deterioration in kidney function;
• thirst;
• decreased hemoglobin levels (anemia).

Preparations containing aluminum hydroxide. Analogues.

There are currently two drugs with the exact inclusion of the active substance:

1. Suspension in sachets Rokzhel pharmaceutical.
2. Chewable tablets Aluminum hydroxide - Rivopharm pharmaceutical.

The most similar in structure and properties to aluminum hydroxide are substitutes with the active substance - algeldrate. Also, all drugs that belong to the group of antacids can be considered analogues.

Substitutes containing algelrate:

• Ajiflux tablets ;
• Almagel suspension (Almagel A, Almagel Neo);
• Simalgel suspension ;
• Alumag tablets ;
• Maalox tablets and suspension ;
• Gastracid tablets ;
• Altacid tablets and suspension .

Substitutes for the general antacid group:

• gel in packages Phosphalugel ;
• Rennie tablets ;
• tablets and suspension ( Forte and Double action);
• Gastal tablets ;
• Inalan tablets and many others.

Be careful! Use analogues in consultation with your doctor.

Price, where to buy

Aluminum hydroxide can be purchased at pharmacies without a prescription. Today the price of the drug ranges from 17 to 65 rubles.

This drug in its pure form is rarely used in modern times. Therefore, reviews about it are few, but 90% are positive, mainly due to two factors:

1. The drug is inexpensive and therefore affordable for everyone.
2. Quite effective.

In addition to these advantages, aluminum hydroxide has a considerable number of disadvantages. However, patients find them tolerable. Therefore, the overall reputation of the drug takes on a positive color.

Crystal lattice: