Effects and dangers of using butyrate - the drug “water”

Butyrate (GHB) is a drug that was created in 1874 and began its distribution in the 30s of the last century. In the 60s, the drug’s effect on growth hormone, which helps increase muscle mass, was discovered. Thanks to this effect, the drug has become widely known among athletes and bodybuilders. It could easily be purchased at a pharmacy under the guise of a dietary supplement. In medicine, butyrate was used as anesthesia, as well as for the treatment of sleep disorders, neuroses and central nervous system disorders.

In recent decades, the drug butyrate has become widespread among young people. People began to take it as an antidepressant and euphoretic for recreational purposes. Most often, butyrate addicts can be seen in nightclubs or other entertainment venues. Despite the fact that in drug slang the substance received the harmless name “water,” butyrate is a potent drug, an overdose of which can be fatal. However, this is not the only dangerous thing about butyrate; its harm and harmful effects on the body can hardly be overestimated. Further in the article you will learn all about butyrate, the effect of its use and the consequences of long-term addiction.

What is butyrate and what are the consequences of using it?

Butyrate – what is it?
CNS depressants are a fairly broad group of psychoactive substances. This class also includes butyrate. It has a calming, analgesic and psychostimulating effect. That is why it became popular as a drug. Sodium hydroxybutyrate - what is it? Butyrate is a synthetic antidepressant that has a nootropic effect. In the drug community it is called sodium hydroxybutyrate. GHB – what is it in medicine? Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid is a medicine that is considered one of the vital drugs used in modern medicine. However, when using butyrate and GHB for recreational purposes, a narcotic effect and depression of the central nervous system occur.

The effect of butyrate can be compared to the effect of ecstasy, alcohol and amphetamines. Therefore, quite often the drug is used together with alcoholic drinks to enhance the effect. Dependence on sodium hydroxybutyrate occurs quite quickly, as the substance causes euphoria and an uplift in mood, which leads to long-term abuse and deterioration in the general health of the addict.

Analogs

Pharmacological analogues of the drug are any salts of GHB. During seizures, law enforcement officers discovered not only sodium, but also potassium and even lithium versions of the homemade product. Other non-inhalation drugs for anesthesia have a different mechanism of action, effects, and consequences of abuse.

The clinical picture of intoxication is similar to that of alcohol, which is why victims of rape are rarely taken seriously. Alcohol abuse is a worldwide problem.

According to WHO (World Health Organization), ethanol causes more than 3 million deaths annually, of which about 13.5% occur among people aged 20-39 years.

Butyrate in medicine

Butyrate has a fairly wide application in modern medicine, in particular, it acts as an anesthesia in anesthesiology. In addition, the drug is used in ophthalmology, for the treatment of neuroses, and during various operations. Butyrate has a relaxing and sedative effect, activates contraction of the heart muscle, improves fluid circulation in the body, activates metabolism, and eliminates sleep disorders.

In what areas of medicine is butyrate used? What properties does it have?

1. Muscle relaxant.
2. Nootropic.
3. Hypnotic.
4. Antidepressant.
5. Anesthetic.
6. Sedative.
7. Stimulant.

However, it is worth taking into account the fact that we are only talking about a legal drug that is produced legally in accordance with all available quality standards in medicine and pharmacology. For recreational purposes, the substance most often used is a substance created in artisanal conditions, which has various impurities, is hazardous to health and does not have any beneficial properties. When creating a drug, life-threatening chemicals are used that are unsuitable for ingestion.

Overdose

With each new use, the body develops tolerance to the drug. This leads to constantly increasing dosages. If the dose is kept the same, then drug addicts cannot get the desired effect, similar to the one they had after the first use of the substance.

All dependencies are formed on this principle and the dose is constantly increased. An overdose occurs in 100% of cases. At some point, the incoming amount of drug exceeds the functional capabilities of the body, and even without the onset of drug intoxication, a sharp change in homeostasis in the body begins.

Characteristics of butyrate

Chemical formula of sodium hydroxybutyrate: HO-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-COONa. However, the composition of artisanal butyrate can vary greatly. At the same time, the consequences of drug use are not tested empirically; they are immediately “released” onto the streets. GHB salts or butyrate disrupt spatial memory and provoke, like many psychostimulants and amphetamine-type drugs, the release of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, causing a stimulating effect on the central nervous system.

Why can't you quit on your own?

The formation of any addiction requires not only time, but also a vulnerable psyche. Users ignore the presence of the problem for a long time and deny the pathological attraction to the drug (anosognosia). At the same time, criticism of one’s actions decreases.

A drug addict cannot think or act rationally. The situation is aggravated by an extremely severe withdrawal syndrome, the manifestations of which provoke the use of any means that can alleviate the torment. Treatment should be carried out under the supervision of a narcologist and psychotherapist.

Butyrate as a drug

Liquid drugs such as sodium hydroxybutyrate are practically not used by bodybuilders today, and butyrate is not used for pregnant women as an anesthesia due to health risks. Previously, butyrate was used during childbirth, but the consequences of such anesthesia were quite severe. Today, other drugs are used for these purposes.

What does butyrate look like?

Butyrate is a dangerous synthetic drug that destroys the human central nervous system. What does he look like? It is a white powder, highly soluble in water and alcohol. Drug addicts most often use sodium butyrate or butyrate salts to obtain a psychotropic effect and euphoria. The powdered substance is dissolved in liquids or alcoholic beverages. Narcologists classify butyrate as a club drug, which is associated with its effects: increased mood and sociability, euphoria, relaxation, emancipation, etc. The effect is similar to alcohol intoxication.

The effect of the drug begins 15-20 minutes after use and continues for 2-4 hours, after which a decline occurs.

Slang names

• boutique;
• oxyk;
• oxy, oxana;
• Pinocchio;
• water, water;
• lemonade;
• bottle;
• traffic jams;
• Ksyu, Ksyusha, Ksyukha;
• Sodium Oxybate;
• Liquid E, H.

Effects of drug use

Under butyrate, people lose touch with the real world. Their actions become completely unpredictable. It is very dangerous if a drug addict gets behind the wheel. In our country, there are hundreds of cases of DTM involving butyrate drug addicts. While on drugs, a person can easily get into a fatal accident and take the lives of others.

Types of buterate

The drug is sold primarily in liquid form. However, it can be diluted with water or alcohol. Few, especially brave people, dare to administer the drug intravenously, due to the extremely difficult state of the “advance”. The substance has many different names.

Drug water

Sodium butyrate has the appearance of water. At the same time, a relatively high-quality drug should not have a strong solvent odor.

Drug Oksana

The substance received this name from its official name - sodium hydroxybutyrate.

Drug Pinocchio

This slang name for the drug arose for a reason - a person under the “butter” becomes as intellectual as a log. Just watch a video of people's behavior under the influence of this drug.

Butyrate addiction

Not all addicts who decide to try butyrate know about its dangers. First of all, it is quite quickly the formation of psychological and then physical dependence. After just a few caps, a person feels a craving for the drug. Butyramania takes away a person’s desire to study and work, communicate with loved ones, and engage in hobbies. All the addict's thoughts are now devoted to the drug.

Using butyrate with alcohol and other drugs can easily lead to coma and cardiac arrest.

First stage

In total, when consuming about 1 g of butyrate, drug intoxication occurs, which is characterized by mild narcotic intoxication. The person’s mood rises, he is in a state of relaxation, and talks a lot, as in the case of alcohol intoxication.

Second stage

The average degree of drug intoxication is achieved by consuming about 2-3 g of the substance. In this case, the addict experiences the following symptoms:

• euphoria;
• relaxation;
• desire to move, dance;
• desire to communicate, get to know each other;
• disturbance of perception;
• lack of coordination;
• slurred speech;
• relaxed behavior;
• nausea, vomiting.

Third stage

When taking more than 2.5-3 g of the drug, a severe degree of drug intoxication and butyrate poisoning occurs, which is characterized by lethargy and has a risk of death, and therefore requires calling an ambulance for drug treatment.

In combination with other substances

The drug becomes triple dangerous if combined with other substances.

Butyrate with alcohol

Alcoholic drinks and butyrate have a similar effect - depression of the nervous system. If you combine them, the risk of memory loss, inappropriate behavior, vomiting and coma increases. Deaths are also not uncommon, especially when a drug addict loses control over the amount of alcohol he drinks.

Butyrate and amphetamine

In addition to poisoning, this combination almost always leads to hallucinations and loss of orientation in space.

Signs and symptoms of butyrate use

Butyrate – what does it mean? Many people who are faced with drug addiction want to know “butyrate” - what is it? A butyrate addict is a person who uses a drug called butyrate on a regular basis. How can you tell if a person is addicted to this substance? There are a number of symptoms by which drug addiction can be recognized:

• apathy;
• drowsiness;
• lack of appetite;
• sudden weight loss;
• depression;
• depression;
• isolation;
• deterioration of health;
• decline in immunity;
• anxiety.

An addict with butyrate addiction develops dark circles under the eyes, skin color changes, the condition of teeth, hair, and nails deteriorates significantly, and metabolism slows down. The person looks sick and behaves irritably in the absence of the drug. Dependence occurs within a few weeks after the first use. A person begins to behave secretly, changes his social circle, and spends money thoughtlessly. You can often find bags of white powder in a drug addict’s room and clothes.

Butyrate addiction requires treatment in a drug treatment clinic. At the first sign of use, call. Our narcologists are ready to give you a free consultation and help you undergo comprehensive treatment for butyrate addiction in a rehabilitation center.

Butyrate helps animals lose weight, but human studies are needed.

The composition of microorganisms in the gut can influence nutrient absorption and also regulate fat metabolism, increasing fat burning and reducing body fat.

Link(s) to research on these findings:

• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25274213
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4734206/
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23821742
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17485860
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22506074
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19469536
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18499755

Several animal studies have shown that after 5 weeks of butyrate in obese mice, the animals lost 10.2% of their initial body weight, including a 10% reduction in body fat.

Link(s) to research on these findings:

• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17485860
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2699871/

However, there is not enough evidence in humans. These are mainly animal studies, and it is too early to draw conclusions.

The action of butyrate and its effect on the body

Butyrate has the same negative effect on the body of men and women, but in the case of women, the risk of rape often arises.
How does butyrate affect a woman’s body? Young people quietly add butyrate to drinks to make the girl more relaxed and approachable. Under the influence of the drug, rape, unplanned pregnancy, and STDs are possible. Men under the influence of butyrate often behave inappropriately and pose a threat to both themselves and others. Calculating a relatively safe dosage of butyrate is quite difficult. A homemade drug can have an unpredictable effect, so sodium hydroxybutyrate poisoning occurs quite often. With severe intoxication, a person may fall asleep and not wake up. Addicts who use butyrate and alcohol together experience severe consequences and complications, as there is a combined overdose and severe intoxication.

Physical symptoms

• nausea;
• headache;
• vomit;
• incontinence;
• lack of coordination;
• dizziness;
• increased blood pressure;
• cardiopalmus;
• memory losses;
• lethargy;
• slurred speech;
• increased excitability.

Cognitive changes

• disturbance of consciousness;
• inadequacy;
• depression;
• suicidal tendencies;
• self-harm;
• hallucinations;
• insomnia, drowsiness.
• propensity for illegal actions.

It is important to understand that just 0.5 g can cause not only a butyrate trip, but also death due to severe intoxication.

How to recognize a drug addict

Usually there is no addiction to hydroxybutyrate alone. There are always other drugs that a person is already using or is about to use. Narcotic intoxication from sodium hydroxybutyrate is very specific. The man looks like he's drunk, but you can't smell the fumes from him.

Under the influence of the drug, increased drowsiness is possible, or vice versa, a person can talk a lot and tell various stories for hours. In cases where the dose is high, loss of consciousness occurs.

Mood swings should be suspicious. Due to long-term use, problems with concentration and memory begin, and addicted people have problems at school or work.

Addicts are constantly looking for money for a new dose. Because of this, they can steal from the house, take away valuables and equipment. But unfortunately, drug addiction never stops with hydroxybutyrate. In pursuit of new effects, people begin to use psychostimulants, alcohol, and marijuana.

In a state of withdrawal, drug addicts may experience apathy or depression. Their appetite is disrupted and they begin to lose weight. But it is almost impossible to say exactly what drug a person is abusing. For this purpose testing is carried out.

Harm and consequences of taking butyrate

“Narcotic water” is a dangerous substance that can lead to completely unpredictable, but absolutely negative consequences. People under butyrate can cause the death of other people, because when intoxicated they completely lose control over their actions, especially when driving a car. The consequences of using butyrate include not only poor health, but also a risk of suicide. In addiction medicine, there are many cases where a drug addict, under the influence of a substance, injured himself, jumped out of windows, caused an accident, or ran out onto the road.

The harm of butyrate has long been confirmed by narcologists. “Boutique” becomes addictive quite quickly due to its effect. It is not so difficult to stop using, but soon the addict relapses. Breakdowns during butyramania are a very common occurrence. To forget about the disease forever, long-term treatment in a rehabilitation center in Rostov-on-Don is required.

Effect of butyrate on the body:

• sleep disturbance;
• apathy;
• depression;
• depersonalization;
• loss of connection with reality;
• thinking disorder;
• memory losses;
• risk of suicide;
• anxiety;
• degradation;
• aggression.

Regular use of the powder leads to overdose and intoxication of the body, which leads to death.

Consequences of taking the substance:

• the emergence of addiction at the physical and psychological level;
• regular increase in dose, the emergence of tolerance and, as a result, overdose;
• withdrawal syndrome or drug withdrawal;
• diseases of the heart, blood vessels, respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract;
• kidney disease;
• dehydration and exhaustion;
• high risk of injury and crime;
• mental disorders;
• “overdose” with a risk to life.

Signs of taking an antidepressant

The consequences of taking the drug depend on:

• dosage;
• duration of use;
• individual characteristics of the body.

In a small dosage the drug causes:

• relaxation and feeling of weightlessness of your own body;
• slight dizziness;
• improved mood.

Similar sensations occur with a slight degree of alcohol intoxication.

The use of average doses of butyrate causes:

• euphoria;
• strong sexual desire;
• motor activity;
• impaired speech coherence;
• relaxed behavior;
• loud speech;
• inability to focus on anything;
• mood swings;
• unsteadiness of gait.

In this state, a person behaves inappropriately. The next day, severe withdrawal symptoms occur. The use of high doses causes:

• memory loss;
• hyperactivity;
• involuntary urination or bowel movements;
• chest pain;
• feeling of lack of oxygen;
• lethargy, drowsiness;
• uncontrollable behavior associated with attacks of panic and anxiety.

If you consume butyrate in high doses, you should call an ambulance.

Butyrate overdose - signs and consequences

An overdose of sodium hydroxybutyrate is dangerous to human life. He completely loses control over himself and his actions, can harm himself and others, choke on vomit, get hit by a car, become involved in an accident, beat up a person, fall and break his head, etc. In case of an overdose, a person falls asleep and may vomit, blocking the airway. An addict dies from suffocation in his sleep. Increased doses of the drug also lead to brain swelling and cardiac arrest.

Among the signs by which an overdose can be identified are: immobility of the pupils, slurred or incoherent speech, pallor, loss of consciousness, vomiting, lack of coordination, drowsiness. At the first symptoms of an overdose of the drug “water,” call an ambulance at the Favorit clinic in Rostov-on-Don.

Literature:

1. Sodium hydroxybutyrate: Neuropharmacological and clinical research / Ed. valid member USSR Academy of Medical Sciences V. V. Zakusova. - Moscow: Medicine, 1968. - 135 p.
2. Drug complications and ways to eliminate them: handbook. for doctors / I. B. Mikhailov, I. V. Markova. - M.; St. Petersburg : DILYA, 2004. – 329 p.
3. Drugs: properties, action, pharmacokinetics, metabolism: textbook / N. V. Veselovskaya - 3rd ed., revised, corrected. and additional - Moscow: Narkonet, 2008. - 262 p.

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Withdrawal syndrome

Abstinence in drug addiction or withdrawal syndrome occurs due to the absence of the next dose of the drug. Withdrawal can last up to two weeks and is accompanied by insomnia, headaches, depression, exhaustion, and deterioration in general well-being.

Withdrawal symptoms:

• drowsiness or insomnia;
• sweating;
• fever/chills;
• paranoia;
• tremor of the limbs, jaw;
• increased heart rate;
• lack of appetite;
• increased blood pressure;
• psychoses;
• hallucinations.

Withdrawal from butyrate can be treated only in a drug treatment clinic.

First aid

You need to immediately call an ambulance and, without waiting for its arrival, begin to help the victim.

Before you call 911, make sure you are safe.

First aid is to create the most comfortable environmental conditions for the patient. If it is cold around, it is necessary to cover the patient; if it is hot, remove outer clothing and open the window.

Ensure good oxygen supply. If the patient is conscious, give him plenty of fluids. If convulsions begin, try to place a soft blanket or pillow near the head so that the patient does not injure himself. There is no need to put objects into the mouth to fix the tongue.

If the patient is not breathing and there is no pulse, begin chest compressions and artificial respiration. You need to start with indirect massage. To do this, use even hands to press the chest in the area of ​​the xiphoid process. The chest should be pressed in at least 5 cm. Don’t be afraid to break the ribs, in this case it is more important to start the heart. You need to make presses at intervals of 2 presses in 1 second, every 15 seconds do mouth-to-mouth breathing, after covering your nose with your fingers.

When the ambulance arrives, it will provide symptomatic therapy and take the patient to the hospital to maintain his vital functions. If there is no aspiration or cardiac arrest, the patient can survive an overdose of butyrate.

How to recover from butyrate?

Treatment for butyrate addiction occurs in stages:

• withdrawal symptoms;
• cleansing the body;
• drug treatment;
• rehabilitation;
• social adaptation.

To achieve long-term remission, the addict must go through all stages of treatment.

Coding

Drug addiction coding helps addicts reduce cravings for drugs, but is not an independent method of treatment. Coding is used as part of the course of treatment for butyrate addiction.

Detoxifying the body from butyrate

How to remove butyrate from the body? Cleansing the body of drugs is the most important step in treating drug addiction. First of all, doctors eliminate intoxication of the body and relieve withdrawal symptoms. For this purpose, infusion therapy, gastric lavage, sorbents, forced diuresis, as well as a number of medications that normalize the functioning of organs are used. In case of overdose, mechanical ventilation may be required. How much butyrate is excreted from the body depends on the duration of use and dosage.

How to speed up elimination at home

The action ends on its own after 3-4 hours. In order to speed up this process, you need to drink plenty of fluids and exercise minimal activity (walking, cycling).

You should drink sorbents only in the first 20 minutes, then they will not have much effect.

To speed up your metabolism you need to raise your body temperature. This can be done through physical activity or by drinking hot drinks.

To make the effect go faster, do not drink alcohol. It slows down the metabolism of butyrate.

You can get rid of CNS depression after taking hydroxybutyrate by prescribing substances that stimulate the CNS. First of all, you can drink coffee and eat chocolate. Energy drinks are suitable, but they can enhance the toxic effect of the drug.

Methods of use

The drug butyrate is made using artisanal methods from industrial solvents such as butylene glycol.
A relatively “high-quality” product has the form of a crystalline powder with a salty taste, easily soluble in alcohol and water. In the CIS, a liquid solution is more popular, which in appearance is not much different from water. The presence of a pungent odor indicates a large amount of toxic impurities.

The most common use of the substance is oral. The drug is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, quickly reaching the brain through the bloodstream. They try to avoid intravenous administration due to the risk of a severe “attack” with convulsions and loss of consciousness.

Working with codependents and resocialization

Working with codependents is preparing the patient’s relatives and loved ones for life after the patient returns home. The goal of such work is to explain the peculiarities of interaction between them and teach how to resolve controversial situations. It is necessary that the patient and his relatives easily find compromises and do not hold grudges against each other. Unsaid words often become the cause of new breakdowns and conflicts.

Resocialization is the return of the patient to an active life in society. His behavior pattern, preferences and desires change. The patient must find pleasure in life other than drugs. This is the only way to forget about cravings, which can interrupt remission at any moment. Alternatively, patients may turn to religion for help.