Amoxiclav: composition
Amoxiclav is a successful combination of clavulanic acid and amoxicillin. Each formulation of the drug may use various additional components, including:
- aspartame;
- hydrogenated oil;
- flavorings;
- talc;
- silica;
- iron oxide.
Amoxiclav can be taken orally or used intravenously. Most often, tablets are prescribed for treatment of various bacterial infections, since the vast majority of diseases are transmitted by patients at home.
The dosage of tablets can be different: from 250 mg to 875 mg amoxicillin + 125 mg clavulanic acid in each dose of antibiotic.
Amoxiclav, 14 pcs., 875 mg+125 mg, film-coated tablets
Amoxiclav®
Film-coated tablets
Inside.
The dosage regimen is set individually, depending on the age, body weight, kidney function of the patient, as well as the severity of the infection.
Amoxiclav® is recommended to be taken at the beginning of a meal for optimal absorption and to reduce possible side effects from the digestive system.
The course of treatment is 5–14 days. The duration of treatment is determined by the attending physician. Treatment should not continue for more than 14 days without repeated medical examination.
Children under 12 years old
The dose is prescribed depending on age and body weight. The recommended dosage regimen is 40 mg/kg/day in 3 divided doses.
Children weighing 40 kg or more should be prescribed the same doses as adults. For children aged ≤6 years, it is preferable to take a suspension of the drug Amoxiclav®.
Adults and children over 12 years of age (or >40 kg body weight)
The usual dose in case of mild to moderate infection is 1 table. 250+125 mg every 8 hours or 1 tablet. 500+125 mg every 12 hours, in case of severe infection and respiratory tract infections - 1 table. 500+125 mg every 8 hours or 1 tablet. 875+125 mg every 12 hours.
Since amoxicillin and clavulanic acid combination tablets of 250+125 mg and 500+125 mg contain the same amount of clavulanic acid - 125 mg, then 2 tablets. 250+125 mg are not equivalent to 1 tablet. 500+125 mg.
Dosage for odontogenic infections
1 table 250+125 mg every 8 hours or 1 tablet. 500+125 mg every 12 hours for 5 days.
Patients with impaired renal function
Dose adjustments are based on the maximum recommended dose of amoxicillin and are carried out taking into account creatinine Cl values:
- adults and children over 12 years of age (or ≥40 kg body weight) (Table 2);
- for anuria, the interval between dosing should be increased to 48 hours or more;
- 875+125 mg tablets should be used only in patients with creatinine Cl >30 ml/min.
table 2
| Creatinine clearance | Amoxiclav® dosage regimen |
| >30 ml/min | No dose adjustment required |
| 10–30 ml/min | 1 table 50+125 mg 2 times a day or 1 tablet. 250+125 mg (for mild to moderate infection) 2 times a day |
| <10 ml/min | 1 table 500+125 mg 1 time per day or 1 tablet. 250+125 mg (for mild to moderate infection) 1 time per day |
| Hemodialysis | 1 table 500+125 mg or 2 tablets. 250+125 mg every 24 hours + 1 tablet. 500+125 mg or 2 tablets. 250+125 mg during dialysis and at the end of the dialysis session (due to decreased serum concentrations of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid) |
Patients with liver dysfunction
Amoxiclav® should be taken with caution. It is necessary to regularly monitor liver function.
Powder for suspension for oral administration
Inside
Daily dose of suspensions 125+31.25 mg/5 ml and 250+62.5 mg/5 ml
(to facilitate correct dosing, each package of suspensions 125 + 31.25 mg/5 ml and 250 + 62.5 mg/5 ml includes a dosing pipette, graduated to 5 ml, with a division scale of 0.1 ml or a dosing spoon with a capacity of 5 ml, with ring marks in the cavity at 2.5 and 5 ml).
Newborns and children up to 3 months
- 30 mg/kg/day (for amoxicillin), divided into 2 doses (every 12 hours).
Dosing of the drug Amoxiclav® with a dosage pipette - calculation of single doses for the treatment of infections in newborns and children up to 3 months (Table 3).
Table 3
| Body weight, kg | 2 | 2,2 | 2,4 | 2,6 | 2,8 | 3 | 3,2 | 3,4 | 3,6 | 3,8 | 4 | 4,2 | 4,4 | 4,6 | 4.8 |
| Suspension 156.25, ml (2 times a day) | 1,2 | 1,3 | 1,4 | 1,6 | 1,7 | 1,8 | 1,9 | 2 | 2,2 | 2,3 | 2,4 | 2,5 | 2,6 | 2,8 | 2,9 |
| Suspension 312.5, ml (2 times a day) | 0,6 | 0,7 | 0,7 | 0,8 | 0,8 | 0,9 | 1 | 1 | 1,1 | 1,1 | 1,2 | 1,3 | 1,3 | 1,4 | 1,4 |
Children over 3 months
- from 20 mg/kg for mild and moderate infections to 40 mg/kg for severe infections and lower respiratory tract infections, otitis media, sinusitis (according to amoxicillin) per day, divided into 3 doses (every 8 hours).
Dosing of the drug Amoxiclav® with a dosage pipette - calculation of single doses for the treatment of mild and moderate infections in children over 3 months (at the rate of 20 mg/kg/day (for amoxicillin) (Table 4).
Table 4
| Body weight, kg | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 |
| Suspension 156.25, ml (3 times a day) | 1,3 | 1,6 | 1,9 | 2,1 | 2,4 | 2,7 | 2,9 | 3,2 | 3,5 | 3,7 | 4 | 4,3 | 4,5 | 4,8 | 5,1 | 5,3 | 5,6 | 5,9 |
| Suspension 312.5, ml (3 times a day) | 0,7 | 0,8 | 0,9 | 1,1 | 1,2 | 1,3 | 1,5 | 1,6 | 1,7 | 1,9 | 2 | 2,1 | 2,3 | 2,4 | 2,5 | 2,7 | 2,8 | 2,9 |
| Body weight, kg | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | |
| Suspension 156.25, ml (3 times a day) | 6,1 | 6,4 | 6,7 | 6,9 | 7,2 | 7,5 | 7,7 | 8 | 8,3 | 8,5 | 8,8 | 9,1 | 9,3 | 9,6 | 9,9 | 10,1 | 10,4 | |
| Suspension 312.5, ml (3 times a day) | 3,1 | 3,2 | 3,3 | 3,5 | 3,6 | 3,7 | 3,9 | 4 | 4,1 | 4,3 | 4,4 | 4,5 | 4,7 | 4,8 | 4,9 | 5,1 | 5,2 |
Dosing of the drug Amoxiclav® with a dosage pipette - calculation of single doses for the treatment of severe infections in children over 3 months (at the rate of 40 mg/kg/day (for amoxicillin) (Table 5).
Table 5
| Body weight, kg | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 |
| Suspension 156.25, ml (3 times a day) | 2,7 | 3,2 | 3,7 | 4,3 | 4,8 | 5,3 | 5,9 | 6,4 | 6,9 | 7,5 | 8 | 8,5 | 9,1 | 9,6 | 10,1 | 10,7 | 11,2 | 11,7 |
| Suspension 312.5, ml (3 times a day) | 1,3 | 1,6 | 1,9 | 2,1 | 2,4 | 2,7 | 2,9 | 3,2 | 3,5 | 3,7 | 4 | 4,3 | 4,5 | 4,8 | 5,1 | 5,3 | 5,6 | 5,9 |
| Body weight, kg | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | |
| Suspension 156.25, ml (3 times a day) | 12,3 | 12,8 | 13,3 | 13,9 | 14,4 | 14,9 | 15,5 | 16 | 16,5 | 17,1 | 17,6 | 18,1 | 18,7 | 19,2 | 19,7 | 20,3 | 20,8 | |
| Suspension 312.5, ml (3 times a day) | 6,1 | 6,4 | 6,7 | 6,9 | 7,2 | 7,5 | 7,7 | 8 | 8,3 | 8,5 | 8,8 | 9,1 | 9,3 | 9,6 | 9,9 | 10,1 | 10,4 |
Dosing of the drug Amoxiclav® with a dosing spoon (in the absence of a dosing pipette) - recommended doses of suspensions depending on the child’s body weight and the severity of the infection (Table 6).
Table 6
| Body weight, kg | Age (approx.) | Mild/moderate course | Severe course | ||
| 125+31.25 mg/5 ml | 250+62.5 mg/5 ml | 125+31.25 mg/5 ml | 250+62.5 mg/5 ml | ||
| 5–10 | 3–12 months | 3 × 2.5 ml (½ spoon) | 3 × 1.25 ml | 3 × 3.75 ml | 3 × 2 ml |
| 10–12 | 1–2 years | 3 × 3.75 ml | 3 × 2 ml | 3 × 6.25 ml | 3 × 3 ml |
| 12–15 | 2–4 years | 3 × 5 ml (1 spoon) | 3 × 2.5 ml (½ spoon) | 3 × 7.5 ml (1½ spoons) | 3 × 3.75 ml |
| 15–20 | 4–6 years | 3 × 6.25 ml | 3 × 3 ml | 3 × 9.5 ml | 3 × 5 ml (1 spoon) |
| 20–30 | 6–10 years | 3 × 8.75 ml | 3 × 4.5 ml | — | 3 × 7 ml |
| 30–40 | 10–12 years | — | 3 × 6.5 ml | — | 3 × 9.5 ml |
| ≥40 | ≥12 years | Amoxiclav® tablets | |||
Daily dose of suspension 400 mg+57 mg/5 ml
The dose is calculated per kg of body weight depending on the severity of the infection. From 25 mg/kg - for mild and moderate infections to 45 mg/kg - for severe infections and lower respiratory tract infections, otitis media, sinusitis (in terms of amoxicillin) per day, divided into 2 doses.
To facilitate correct dosing, a dosage pipette is inserted into each package of the 400 mg + 57 mg/5 ml suspension, graduated simultaneously into 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ml and into 4 equal parts.
Suspension 400 mg+57 mg/5 ml is used in children over 3 months.
Table 7
Recommended dose of suspension depending on the child’s body weight and severity of infection
| Body weight, kg | Age (approx.) | Recommended dose, ml | |
| Severe course | Moderate course | ||
| 5–10 | 3–12 months | 2×2,5 | 2×1,25 |
| 10–15 | 1–2 years | 2×3,75 | 2×2,5 |
| 15–20 | 2–4 years | 2×5 | 2×3,75 |
| 20–30 | 4 years - 6 years | 2×7,5 | 2×5 |
| 30–40 | 6–10 years | 2×10 | 2×6,5 |
Exact daily doses are calculated based on the child's body weight, not his age.
The maximum daily dose of amoxicillin is 6 g for adults and 45 mg/kg for children.
The maximum daily dose of clavulanic acid (in the form of potassium salt) is 600 mg for adults and 10 mg/kg for children.
In patients with impaired renal function, the dose should be adjusted based on the maximum recommended dose of amoxicillin.
Patients with creatinine Cl >30 ml/min do not require any dose adjustment.
Adults and children weighing more than 40 kg (the indicated dosage regimen is used for moderate and severe infections)
For patients with creatinine Cl 10-30 ml/min - 500/125 mg 2 times a day.
For creatinine Cl <10 ml/min, the recommended dose is 500/125 mg once a day.
For patients on hemodialysis, the recommended dose is 500/125 mg every 24 hours, plus 500/125 mg during dialysis and another dose at the end of dialysis (since serum concentrations of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid are reduced).
Children weighing less than 40 kg
With creatinine Cl 10–30 ml/min, the recommended dose is 15/3.75 mg/kg 2 times a day (maximum 500/125 mg 2 times a day).
For creatinine Cl <10 ml/min, the recommended dose is 15/3.75 mg/kg once a day (maximum 500/125 mg).
For hemodialysis, the recommended dose is 15/3.75 mg/kg once a day. Before hemodialysis - 15/3.75 mg/kg. To restore appropriate concentrations of the drug in the blood, it is necessary to take another dose of 15/3.75 mg/kg after hemodialysis.
The course of treatment is 5–14 days. The duration of treatment is determined by the attending physician. Treatment should not continue for more than 14 days without repeated medical examination.
Instructions for preparing the suspension
Powder for suspension 125+31.25 mg/5ml
— shake the bottle vigorously, add 86 ml of water in two doses (to the mark), shaking well each time until the powder is completely dissolved.
Powder for suspension 250+62.5 mg/5 ml
— shake the bottle vigorously, add 85 ml of water in two doses (to the mark), shaking well each time until the powder is completely dissolved.
Powder for suspension 400 mg+57 mg/5 ml
- shake the bottle vigorously, add water in two additions (to the mark) in the amount indicated on the label and given in the table, shaking well each time until the powder is completely dissolved.
Table 8
| Volume of finished suspension, ml | Required amount of water, ml |
| 35 | 29,5 |
| 50 | 42 |
| 70 | 59 |
| 140 | 118 |
Shake vigorously before use!
To prepare the suspension, it is recommended to dilute the powder with boiled water at room temperature. It is recommended to place the finished suspension in the refrigerator.
It is not recommended to heat the suspension before use (it is necessary to bring the suspension to room temperature).
After taking the drug, it is recommended to rinse the dosage pipette with boiled water.
Powder for the preparation of a solution for intravenous administration
IV.
Children:
with body weight less than 40 kg - the dose is calculated depending on body weight.
Younger than 3 months and weighing less than 4 kg
- 30 mg/kg (calculated for the entire Amoxiclav® drug) every 12 hours.
Under 3 months and weighing more than 4 kg
- 30 mg/kg (calculated for the entire Amoxiclav® drug) every 8 hours.
In children under 3 months of age, Amoxiclav® should be administered only by slow infusion over 30–40 minutes.
Children from 3 months to 12 years
- 30 mg/kg (in terms of the entire drug Amoxiclav®) with an interval of 8 hours, in case of severe infection - with an interval of 6 hours.
Children with impaired renal function
Dose adjustments are based on the maximum recommended dose of amoxicillin. For patients with creatinine Cl levels above 30 ml/min, dose adjustment is not necessary.
Children weighing <40 kg:
| Creatinine Cl 10–30 ml/min | 25 mg/5 mg per 1 kg every 12 hours |
| Creatinine Cl <10 ml/min | 25 mg/5 mg per 1 kg every 24 hours |
| Hemodialysis | 25 mg/5 mg per 1 kg every 24 hours plus a dose of 12.5 mg/2.5 mg per 1 kg at the end of the dialysis session (due to a decrease in serum concentrations of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid) |
Every 30 mg of Amoxiclav® contains 25 mg of amoxicillin and 5 mg of clavulanic acid.
Adults and children over 12 years of age or weighing more than 40 kg
- 1.2 g of the drug (1000+200 mg) with an interval of 8 hours, in case of severe infection - with an interval of 6 hours.
Prophylactic doses for surgical interventions: 1.2 g during induction anesthesia (if the operation lasts less than 2 hours). For longer operations - 1.2 g up to 4 times a day.
For patients with renal insufficiency, the dose and/or interval between doses of the drug should be adjusted depending on the degree of insufficiency:
| Creatinine Cl | Dose and/or interval between administrations |
| >0.5 ml/s (30 ml/min) | No dose adjustment required |
| 0.166–0.5 ml/s (10–30 ml/min) | The first dose is 1.2 g (1000+200 mg), and then 600 mg (500+100 mg) IV every 12 hours |
| <0.166 ml/s (less than 10 ml/min) | The first dose is 1.2 g (1000+200 mg), and then 600 mg (500+100 mg) IV every 24 hours |
| Anuria | The dosing interval should be increased to 48 hours or more. |
Since 85% of the drug is removed by hemodialysis, the usual dose of Amoxiclav® must be administered at the end of each hemodialysis procedure. For peritoneal dialysis, no dose adjustment is required.
The course of treatment is 5–14 days. The duration of treatment is determined by the attending physician. When the severity of symptoms decreases, it is recommended to switch to oral forms of the drug Amoxiclav® to continue therapy.
Preparation of solutions for intravenous injections.
Dissolve the contents of the bottle in water for injection: 600 mg (500+100 mg) - in 10 ml of water for injection or 1.2 g (1000+200 mg) - in 20 ml of water for injection. Inject intravenously slowly (over 3–4 minutes).
The drug Amoxiclav® should be administered within 20 minutes after preparing solutions for intravenous administration.
Preparation of solutions for intravenous infusion.
For infusion administration of the drug Amoxiclav®, further dilution is necessary: prepared solutions containing 600 mg (500+100 mg) or 1.2 g (1000+200 mg) of the drug must be diluted in 50 or 100 ml of infusion solution, respectively. Infusion duration is 30–40 minutes.
When using the following liquids in the recommended volumes, the required antibiotic concentrations are maintained in the infusion solutions:
| Liquids used | Stability period, h | |
| at 25 °C | at 5 °C | |
| Water for injections | 4 | 8 |
| Sodium chloride solution 0.9% for intravenous infusion | 4 | 8 |
| Lactated Ringer's solution for intravenous infusion | 3 | |
| Solution of calcium chloride and sodium chloride for intravenous infusion | 3 | |
Amoxiclav® solution should not be mixed with solutions of dextrose, dextran or sodium bicarbonate.
Only clear solutions should be used. Prepared solutions should not be frozen.
Amoxiclav® Quiktab
Inside.
The dosage regimen is set individually depending on the age, body weight, kidney function of the patient and the severity of the infection.
The tablets must be dissolved in half a glass of water (minimum 30 ml) and mixed thoroughly, then drink or hold the tablets in your mouth until completely dissolved, then swallow.
In order to reduce the risk of side effects from the gastrointestinal tract, the drug should be taken at the beginning of meals.
Dispersible tablets of the drug Amoxiclav®Quiktab 500 mg/125 mg:
Adults and children over 12 years of age weighing ≥40 kg
For the treatment of mild to moderate infections - 1 table. (500 mg/125 mg) every 12 hours (2 times a day).
For the treatment of severe infections and respiratory infections - 1 table. (500 mg/125 mg) every 8 hours (3 times a day).
The maximum daily dose of Amoxiclav®Quictab is 1500 mg amoxicillin/375 mg clavulanic acid.
Patients with impaired renal function.
In patients with creatinine Cl above 30 ml/min, there is no need for dose adjustment.
Adults and children over 12 years of age weighing ≥40 kg (the indicated dosage regimen is used for moderate and severe infections):
| Creatinine Cl, ml/min | Dose |
| 10–30 | 500 mg/125 mg 2 times a day (for moderate to severe infection) |
| <10 | 500 mg/125 mg 1 time per day (for moderate to severe infection) |
| Hemodialysis | 500 mg/125 mg every 24 hours, plus 500 mg/125 mg during the dialysis session, repeated at the end of the dialysis session (as plasma concentrations of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid decrease) |
Dispersible tablets of the drug Amoxiclav®Quiktab 875 mg/125 mg:
Adults and children over 12 years of age weighing ≥40 kg
For severe infections and respiratory infections - 1 table. (875 mg/125 mg) every 12 hours (2 times a day).
The daily dose of Amoxiclav®Quictab when used 2 times a day is 1750 mg amoxicillin/250 mg clavulanic acid.
Patients with impaired renal function.
In patients with creatinine Cl more than 30 ml/min, there is no need for dose adjustment.
For patients with creatinine Cl less than 30 ml/min, the use of dispersible tablets of the drug Amoxiclav®Quiktab, 875 mg/125 mg is contraindicated.
Such patients should take the drug at a dosage of 500 mg/125 mg after dose adjustment appropriate to the creatinine Cl level.
Patients with impaired liver function.
Caution should be exercised when taking Amoxiclav® Quiktab. It is necessary to regularly monitor liver function. If treatment is started with parenteral administration of the drug, therapy can be continued by taking Amoxiclav® Quiktab tablets.
The duration of the course of treatment is determined by the attending physician!
The minimum course of antibacterial therapy is 5 days. Treatment should not continue for more than 14 days without reviewing the clinical situation.
Description of the antibiotic Amoxiclav
The substance belongs to the group of penicillins. A wide spectrum of action makes it possible to achieve positive dynamics in the treatment of many diseases of bacterial etiology. When it enters the body, Amoxiclav destroys the cell wall of the bacterium, and it dies. Efficacy was noted against a wide group of enterobacteria, Haemophilus influenzae, staphylococcus, streptococcus, enterococcus, listeria, clostridia, and salmonella. In addition, this medicine can treat infections caused by most resistant strains of bacteria.
Clavulonic acid, in turn, protects amoxicillin from the influence of beta-lactamases of microorganisms.
After absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, the active components are quickly distributed into the bloodstream. Food does not interfere with absorption. However, in order to reduce the risk of possible negative reactions from the digestive system, it is still not recommended to take the medicine on an empty stomach.
Amoxiclav Quiktab 875mg+125mg 14 pcs. dispersible tablets
pharmachologic effect
Antibiotic - semi-synthetic penicillin + beta-lactamase inhibitor.
Composition and release form Amoxiclav Quiktab 875mg+125mg 14 pcs. dispersible tablets
Film-coated tablets - 1 tablet:
- active ingredients (core): amoxicillin (in trihydrate form) - 500 mg; clavulanic acid (in the form of potassium salt) - 125 mg;
- excipients: colloidal silicon dioxide - 9 mg; crospovidone - 45 mg; croscarmellose sodium - 35 mg; magnesium stearate - 20 mg; MCC - up to 1060 mg;
- film shell: hypromellose - 17.696 mg; ethylcellulose - 0.864 mg; polysorbate 80 - 0.96 mg; triethyl citrate - 0.976 mg; titanium dioxide - 9.36 mg; talc - 2.144 mg.
Film-coated tablets, 500 mg + 125 mg. 15 or 21 tablets each. and 2 desiccants (silica gel) in a round red container with the inscription “inedible” in a dark glass bottle, sealed with a metal screw cap with a perforated control ring and a LDPE gasket inside. 1 fl. in a cardboard box.
5 or 7 tablets each. in a blister of varnished hard aluminum/soft aluminum foil. 2, 3 or 4 blisters of 5 tablets each. or 2 blisters of 7 tablets. in a cardboard box.
Description of the dosage form
Tablets 875+125 mg: white or almost white, oblong, biconvex, film-coated, scored and imprinted “875” and “125” on one side and “AMC” on the other side.
Fracture appearance: yellowish mass.
Directions for use and doses
Inside. The dosage regimen is set individually, depending on the age, body weight, kidney function of the patient, as well as the severity of the infection.
Amoxiclav® is recommended to be taken at the beginning of a meal for optimal absorption and to reduce possible side effects from the digestive system.
The course of treatment is 5–14 days. The duration of treatment is determined by the attending physician. Treatment should not continue for more than 14 days without repeated medical examination.
Children under 12 years old
The dose is prescribed depending on age and body weight. The recommended dosage regimen is 40 mg/kg/day in 3 divided doses.
Children weighing 40 kg or more should be prescribed the same doses as adults. For children aged ≤6 years, it is preferable to take a suspension of the drug Amoxiclav®.
Adults and children over 12 years of age (or >40 kg body weight)
The usual dose in case of mild to moderate infection is 1 table. 250+125 mg every 8 hours or 1 tablet. 500+125 mg every 12 hours, in case of severe infection and respiratory tract infections - 1 table. 500+125 mg every 8 hours or 1 tablet. 875+125 mg every 12 hours.
Since amoxicillin and clavulanic acid combination tablets of 250+125 mg and 500+125 mg contain the same amount of clavulanic acid - 125 mg, then 2 tablets. 250+125 mg are not equivalent to 1 tablet. 500+125 mg.
Dosage for odontogenic infections
1 table 250+125 mg every 8 hours or 1 tablet. 500+125 mg every 12 hours for 5 days.
Patients with impaired renal function
Dose adjustments are based on the maximum recommended dose of amoxicillin and are carried out taking into account creatinine Cl values:
- adults and children over 12 years of age (or ≥40 kg body weight) (Table 2);
- for anuria, the interval between dosing should be increased to 48 hours or more;
- 875+125 mg tablets should be used only in patients with creatinine Cl >30 ml/min.
table 2
| Creatinine clearance | Amoxiclav® dosage regimen |
| >30 ml/min | No dose adjustment required |
| 10–30 ml/min | 1 table 50+125 mg 2 times a day or 1 tablet. 250+125 mg (for mild to moderate infection) 2 times a day |
| 1 table 500+125 mg 1 time per day or 1 tablet. 250+125 mg (for mild to moderate infection) 1 time per day | |
| Hemodialysis | 1 table 500+125 mg or 2 tablets. 250+125 mg every 24 hours + 1 tablet. 500+125 mg or 2 tablets. 250+125 mg during dialysis and at the end of the dialysis session (due to decreased serum concentrations of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid) |
Patients with liver dysfunction
Amoxiclav® should be taken with caution. It is necessary to regularly monitor liver function.
Powder for suspension for oral administration
Pharmacodynamics
Mechanism of action
Amoxicillin is a semisynthetic broad-spectrum antibiotic that is active against many gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. At the same time, amoxicillin is susceptible to destruction by beta-lactamases, and therefore the spectrum of activity of amoxicillin does not extend to microorganisms that produce this enzyme.
Clavulanic acid is a beta-lactamase inhibitor, structurally related to penicillins, and has the ability to inactivate a wide range of beta-lactamases found in microorganisms resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins. Clavulanic acid is sufficiently effective against plasmid beta-lactamases, which most often cause bacterial resistance, and is not effective against type I chromosomal beta-lactamases, which are not inhibited by clavulanic acid.
The presence of clavulanic acid in the drug protects amoxicillin from destruction by enzymes - beta-lactamases, which expands the antibacterial spectrum of amoxicillin.
Below is the activity of the combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid in vitro.
Grampore-positive aerobes: Bacillus Anthracis, Enterococcus Faecalis, Listeria MonocyTogenes, NoCardia Asteroides, Streptococcus Pyogenes1,2, Streptococcus Agalactiae1,2, other beta-heemolytic statococci1, 2, Staphylococcus aureus (sensitive to methicillin) 1, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (sensitive to methicillin), coagulase-negative staphylococci (sensitive to methicillin).
Gram-negative aerobes: Bordetella pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae1, Helicobacter pylori, Moraxella catarrhalis1, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Pasteurella multocida, Vibrio cholerae.
Other: Borrelia burgdorferi, Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae, Treponema pallidum.
Gram-positive anaerobes: species of the genus Clostridium, Peptococcus niger, Peptostrepiococcus magnus, Peptostreptococcus micros, species of the genus Pepto streptococcus.
Gram-negative anaerobes: Bcicteroides fragilis, species of the genus Bacteroides, species of the genus Capnocytophaga, Eikenella corrodens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, species of the genus Fusobacterium, species of the genus Porphyromonas, species of the genus Prevotella.
Bacteria for which acquired resistance to the combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid is likely
Gram-negative aerobes: Escherichia coli1, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae, species of the genus Klebsiella, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, species of the genus Proteus, species of the genus Salmonella, species of the genus Shigella. Streptococcus pneumoniae1,2, streptococci of the Viridans group.
Gram-positive aerobes: species of the genus Corynebacterium, Enterococcus faecium.
Bacteria that are naturally resistant to the combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid
Gram-negative aerobes: species of the genus Acinetobacter, Citrobacter freundii, species of the genus Enterobacter, Hafhia alvei, Legionella pneumophila, Morganella morganii, species of the genus Providencia, species of the genus Pseudomonas, species of the genus Serratia, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Yersinia enterocolitica.
Other: Chlamydia pneumoniae, Chlamydia psittaci, species of the genus Chlamydia, Coxiella burnetii, species of the genus Mycoplasma.
1For these bacteria, the clinical effectiveness of the combination of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid has been demonstrated in clinical studies.
2 strains of these types of bacteria do not produce beta-lactamases. Sensitivity during amoxicillin monotherapy suggests similar sensitivity to the combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid.
Pharmacokinetics
Suction
The active ingredients of the drug are quickly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) after oral administration. Absorption of active ingredients is optimal when the drug is used with food.
The following are the pharmacokinetic parameters of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid after administration at a dose of 45 mg/6.4 mg/kg, divided into two doses, by patients under 12 years of age.
Average value of pharmacokinetic parameters
| Cmax (mg/ml) | T max (h) | AUC (mg in h/l) | T1/2 (h) | |
| Amoxicillin | 11,99±3,28 | 1,0 (1,0-2,0) | 35,2±5,0 | 1,22±0,28 |
| Clavulanic acid | 5,49±2,71 | 1,0 (1,0-2,0) | 13,26±5,88 | 0,99±0,14 |
- Cmax - maximum concentration in blood plasma;
- Tmax is the time to reach the maximum concentration in the blood plasma;
- AUC—area under the concentration-time curve;
- T1/2 - half-life.
Metabolism
About 10-25% of the initial dose of amoxicillin is excreted by the kidneys in the form of an inactive metabolite (penicillic acid). Clavulanic acid in the human body undergoes intensive metabolism with the formation of 2,5-dihydro-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-oxo-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid and 1-amino-4-hydroxy-butan-2-one and is excreted by the kidneys, through the gastrointestinal tract, and also with exhaled air in the form of carbon dioxide.
Distribution
As with intravenous administration of a combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, therapeutic concentrations of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid are found in various tissues and interstitial fluid (gallbladder, abdominal tissue, skin, adipose and muscle tissue, synovial and peritoneal fluids, bile, purulent discharge) .
Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid have a weak degree of binding to plasma proteins. Studies have shown that about 25% of the total amount of clavulanic acid and 18% of amoxicillin in the blood plasma is bound to plasma proteins.
The volume of distribution is approximately 0.3-0.4 L/kg for amoxicillin and approximately 0.2 L/kg for clavulanic acid. Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid do not penetrate the blood-brain barrier when the meninges are not inflamed. Amoxicillin (like most penicillins) is excreted in breast milk.
Trace amounts of clavulanic acid may also be found in breast milk. With the exception of the possibility of sensitization, diarrhea and candidiasis of the oral mucosa, there are no other known negative effects of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid on the health of breastfed infants.
Animal reproductive studies have shown that amoxicillin and clavulanic acid cross the placental barrier. However, no negative effects on the fetus were detected.
Removal
Amoxicillin is eliminated primarily by the kidneys, while clavulanic acid is eliminated through both renal and extrarenal mechanisms. After a single oral dose of 875 mg/125 mg or 500 mg/125 mg, approximately 60-70% of amoxicillin and 40-65% of clavulanic acid are excreted unchanged by the kidneys during the first 6 hours. The average half-life (T1/2) of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid is approximately 1 hour, and the average total clearance is approximately 25 L/h in healthy patients. In various studies, it was found that amoxicillin excretion by the kidneys within 24 hours is approximately 50-85%, clavulanic acid - 27-60%. The largest amount of clavulanic acid is excreted during the first 2 hours after administration.
The pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid does not depend on the gender of the patient.
Patients with impaired renal function
The total clearance of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid decreases in proportion to the decrease in renal function. The decrease in clearance is more pronounced for amoxicillin than for clavulanic acid, because Most amoxicillin is excreted by the kidneys. Doses of the drug for renal failure should be selected taking into account the undesirability of amoxicillin accumulation while maintaining normal levels of clavulanic acid.
Patients with liver dysfunction
In patients with impaired liver function, the drug is used with caution. It is necessary to constantly monitor liver function.
Both components are removed by hemodialysis and minor amounts by peritoneal dialysis.
Indications for use Amoxiclav Quiktab 875mg+125mg 14 pcs. dispersible tablets
Infections caused by sensitive strains of microorganisms:
- upper respiratory tract and ENT organs (including acute and chronic sinusitis, acute and chronic otitis media, retropharyngeal abscess, tonsillitis, pharyngitis);
- lower respiratory tract (including acute bronchitis with bacterial superinfection, chronic bronchitis, pneumonia);
- urinary tract (eg cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis);
- in gynecology;
- skin and soft tissues, including human and animal bites;
- bone and connective tissue;
- biliary tract (cholecystitis, cholangitis);
- odontogenic.
Contraindications
- hypersensitivity to the components of the drug;
- history of hypersensitivity to penicillins, cephalosporins and other beta-lactam antibiotics;
- history of cholestatic jaundice and/or other liver dysfunction caused by taking amoxicillin/clavulanic acid;
- infectious mononucleosis and lymphocytic leukemia;
- children under 12 years of age or weighing less than 40 kg;
- phenylketonuria;
- renal failure (Cl creatinine
With caution: history of pseudomembranous colitis, gastrointestinal diseases, liver failure, severe renal impairment, pregnancy, lactation, simultaneous use with anticoagulants.
Application Amoxiclav Quiktab 875mg+125mg 14 pcs. dispersible tablets during pregnancy and breastfeeding
Amoxiclav® Quiktab can be prescribed during pregnancy if there are clear indications.
Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid pass into breast milk in small quantities.
special instructions
During a course of treatment, it is necessary to monitor the state of the function of the hematopoietic organs, liver, and kidneys.
In patients with severe renal impairment, adequate dose adjustment or increased intervals between doses is required.
It is possible that superinfection may develop due to the growth of microflora that is insensitive to it, which requires a corresponding change in antibacterial therapy.
In patients who are hypersensitive to penicillins, cross-allergic reactions with cephalosporin antibiotics are possible.
In women with premature rupture of membranes, it was found that prophylactic therapy with amoxicillin + clavulanic acid may be associated with an increased risk of developing necrotizing colitis in the newborn.
Crystalluria very rarely occurs in patients with reduced diuresis. During the use of large doses of amoxicillin, it is recommended to take sufficient fluids and maintain adequate diuresis to reduce the likelihood of amoxicillin crystal formation.
Lab tests. High concentrations of amoxicillin give a false-positive reaction to urine glucose when using Benedict's reagent or Fehling's solution. It is recommended to use enzymatic reactions with glucosidase.
Before starting treatment, it is necessary to interview the patient to identify a history of hypersensitivity reactions to penicillins, cephalosporins or other beta-lactam antibiotics.
In order to reduce the risk of side effects from the gastrointestinal tract, you should take the drug before or during meals.
When using high doses of Amoxiclav®Quictab in patients with crystalluria, it is necessary to adequately replace fluid loss.
If antibiotic-associated colitis occurs, Amoxiclav® Quiktab should be immediately discontinued, consult a doctor and begin appropriate treatment. Drugs that inhibit peristalsis are contraindicated in such situations.
Treatment must continue for another 48–72 hours after the disappearance of clinical signs of the disease. When using estrogen-containing oral contraceptives and amoxicillin simultaneously, other or additional methods of contraception should be used.
Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid can provoke nonspecific binding of immunoglobulins and albumins to the erythrocyte membrane, which can cause a false positive reaction with the Coombs test.
The use of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid is contraindicated in infectious mononucleosis, because may cause a measles-like rash.
Special precautions when disposing of unused medicinal products. There is no need for special precautions when disposing of unused Amoxiclav®.
Impact on the ability to drive a car or perform work that requires increased speed of physical and mental reactions. Due to the possibility of developing side effects from the central nervous system, such as dizziness, headache, convulsions, during treatment, care should be taken when driving and other activities that require concentration and speed of psychomotor reactions.
Overdose
There are no reports of death or life-threatening side effects due to drug overdose.
Symptoms: in most cases - gastrointestinal disorders (abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting), anxiety, insomnia, dizziness are also possible, and in isolated cases - seizures.
Treatment: in case of overdose, the patient should be under medical supervision, treatment should be symptomatic.
In case of recent use (less than 4 hours) of the drug, it is necessary to perform gastric lavage and prescribe activated charcoal to reduce absorption. Amoxicillin/potassium clavulanate is removed by hemodialysis.
Side effects Amoxiclav Quiktab 875mg+125mg 14 pcs. dispersible tablets
From the digestive system: loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, gastritis, stomatitis, glossitis, black “hairy” tongue, darkening of tooth enamel, hemorrhagic colitis (can also develop after therapy), enterocolitis, pseudomembranous colitis, disorder liver function, increased activity of ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase and/or bilirubin levels in the blood plasma, liver failure (more often in the elderly, men, with long-term therapy), cholestatic jaundice, hepatitis.
Allergic reactions: itching, urticaria, erythematous rashes, erythema multiforme exudative, angioedema, anaphylactic shock, allergic vasculitis, exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, a syndrome similar to serum sickness, toxic epidermal necrolysis.
From the hematopoietic system and lymphatic system: reversible leukopenia (including neutropenia), thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, reversible increase in PT (when used together with anticoagulants), reversible increase in bleeding time, eosinophilia, pancytopenia, thrombocytosis, agranulocytosis.
From the central nervous system: dizziness, headache, convulsions (may occur in patients with impaired renal function when taking high doses of the drug).
From the urinary system: interstitial nephritis, crystalluria, hematuria.
Other: candidiasis and other types of superinfection.
From the side of the central nervous system: hyperactivity. Feelings of anxiety, insomnia, behavior changes, agitation.
Drug interactions
Antacids, glucosamine, laxatives, aminoglycosides slow down absorption, ascorbic acid increases absorption.
Diuretics, allopurinol, phenylbutazone, NSAIDs and other drugs that block tubular secretion (probenecid) increase the concentration of amoxicillin (clavulanic acid is excreted mainly by glomerular filtration).
The simultaneous use of Amoxiclav® and methotrexate increases the toxicity of methotrexate.
Administration together with allopurinol will increase the incidence of exanthema. Concomitant use with disulfiram should be avoided.
Reduces the effectiveness of drugs, during the metabolism of which PABA is formed; ethinyl estradiol - risk of breakthrough bleeding.
The literature describes rare cases of increased INR in patients with the combined use of acenocoumarol or warfarin and amoxicillin. If simultaneous use with anticoagulants is necessary, PT or INR should be carefully monitored when prescribing or discontinuing the drug.
The combination with rifampicin is antagonistic (mutual weakening of the antibacterial effect). The drug Amoxiclav® should not be used simultaneously in combination with bacteriostatic antibiotics (macrolides, tetracyclines), sulfonamides due to a possible decrease in the effectiveness of the drug Amoxiclav®.
The drug Amoxiclav® reduces the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.
Increases the effectiveness of indirect anticoagulants (suppressing intestinal microflora, reduces the synthesis of vitamin K and the prothrombin index). In some cases, taking the drug may prolong PT; therefore, caution should be exercised when using anticoagulants and the drug Amoxiclav®Quictab simultaneously.
Probenecid reduces the excretion of amoxicillin, increasing its serum concentration.
In patients receiving mycophenolate mofetil, after starting the combination of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, a decrease in the concentration of the active metabolite, mycophenolic acid, was observed before taking the next dose of the drug by approximately 50%. Changes in this concentration may not accurately reflect overall changes in mycophenolic acid exposure.
Indications for use of Amoxiclav
The use of the drug is so widespread that some doctors starting their therapeutic practice prescribe it at every opportunity. In the situation with diseases of the otolaryngology organs, this is:
- otitis, including purulent;
- tonsillitis;
- sinusitis;
- pharyngolaryngitis.
When the urinary system is affected, Amoxiclav can also be prescribed. These diseases include chronic cystitis, prostatitis, and urethritis.
Diseases of the respiratory system are rarely treated without amoxicillin. For bronchitis of bacterial etiology and pneumonia, this particular drug is used. In addition, the antibiotic has shown its effectiveness against:
- infections affecting bones and connective tissue;
- soft tissue diseases caused by bacterial infection;
- cholecystitis;
- diseases of the pelvic organs.
Some types of surgery require the patient to take a course of antibiotics to prevent superinfection.
Amoxiclav: instructions for adults
The main rule of taking antibiotics is to follow the prescribed course of treatment. The mistake patients make is that at the first sign of a retreat in the symptoms of the disease, many give up treatment, believing that long-term antibiotic therapy causes irreparable damage to all body systems. However, in fact, this is precisely how resistant colonies of microorganisms are formed, which over time adapt to life even under the influence of an antibiotic. For example, for cystitis, a one-time dose of the drug relieves pain and pain already on the second day of treatment. But this is only the absence of symptoms.
The bacteria that caused this damage to the urinary system have not yet died, they have only lost their ability to provoke unpleasant symptoms of the disease. Stopping treatment early will allow the surviving bacteria to evolve so that the next time taking the same drug does not prevent them from multiplying and being active.
A single and daily dose is prescribed by the attending physician, because it depends on the severity of the disease and the patient’s condition. As a rule, the maximum dosage of Amoxiclav in the amount of 875 + 125 does not exceed twice the dose of the drug per day with an interval of 12 hours. To achieve maximum effect, you need to stick to the same hour of taking the drug. The duration of the course, regardless of the single dose and the number of prescribed doses, cannot be shorter than 7 days.
