Blood pressure 80 to 60: reasons, is it dangerous, what to do?

For each person, there are certain norms of blood pressure at which good health remains. Most experts believe that the systolic indicator should be within limited limits, and the diastolic indicator can correspond to individual values. In connection with this, low pressure is considered to be one in which the indicators decrease below the limit that is the physiological norm. As a rule, hypotension is recorded at 100/60 mm. rt. Art. However, for some, blood pressure of 80 over 60 is not considered low. Can low blood pressure values ​​be a physiological norm, and what complications can they provoke?

Blood pressure 80/60: why is it dangerous?

Blood pressure indicators 80/60 are hypotension for all age categories with a minimum pulse difference of 20 units, which is significantly different from the norm (40-60 mm Hg) and is regarded as a pre-crisis state.

It is generally accepted that low blood pressure does not pose a threat and stabilizes on its own, without additional intervention. However, this is only true in the case of physiological hypotension, when eliminating the cause normalizes the situation (stuffiness, stress, emotions). Secondary hypotension - a symptom of ischemia of internal organs - causes serious disorders in the body:

• deterioration of visual acuity;
• movement coordination disorder;
• traumatic fainting;
• arrhythmias;
• dementia.

Sometimes hypotension may be the only symptom of a latent life-threatening disease: internal bleeding, heart attack, anaphylaxis.

Signs of developing hypotension

In most cases, hypotension develops as a result of a cerebrovascular accident, so this condition is characterized by the following manifestations:

What does pressure 100 to 50 mean?

• Intense headache localized in the temporal and occipital areas. The pain syndrome may be accompanied by nausea and vomiting.
• Fainting with a sudden change in body position.
• The feeling of lack of air is caused by hypoxia, which is accompanied by constant yawning.
• Excessive sweating, increasing weakness, fatigue.
• Deterioration of brain activity in the form of absent-mindedness, memory impairment, irritability.
• Interruptions in the functioning of the heart are accompanied by increased heart rate, pain in the chest, and shortness of breath at rest.
• Frequent numbness of the extremities, they experience hypothermia in the hands and feet.

Blood pressure levels can drop sharply under the influence of adverse weather conditions, which is manifested by headache, dizziness, weakness, drowsiness and nausea.

Causes

They can be physiological or pathological. The first include:

• hereditary predisposition;
• excessive loads;
• pregnancy;
• atmospheric disasters;
• emotions, stress;
• sedentary lifestyle;
• occupational hazards: working in a mine, in conditions of high humidity, among athletes with high training loads.

The second includes symptoms of many diseases:

• VSD;
• hypothyroidism;
• closed craniocerebral injury;
• pathology of the adrenal glands;
• anemia of various origins;
• drug overdose;
• condition after surgery;
• bleeding;
• heart defects;
• AMI;
• arrhythmias;
• diabetes;
• poisoning, intoxication;
• cachexia.

An exception to the rule is blood pressure of 80/60, which occurs in petite young girls, women, or thin teenagers. For them, such indicators are the norm, as for asthenics of tall stature without gender differences.

Forms and symptoms of the disease

Hypotension 80/60 can be acute or chronic. The acute form is the most severe: it occurs spontaneously, leads to a sharp drop in pressure, and without timely medical intervention can result in collapse and death. Chronic is less dangerous.

Classic symptoms look like this:

• intense pulsation in the temples;
• nausea;
• drowsiness;
• cold, numb extremities;
• loss of concentration;
• tachycardia;
• lack of air;
• ataxia;
• visual disturbances;
• loss of consciousness.

Heart rhythm disturbances are especially dangerous.

Low blood pressure and high pulse: what to do

Low blood pressure: causes, possible pathologies, first aid

If a person has a high pulse (scientific names: tachycardia, rapid pulse) or low pulse (scientific names: slow pulse, bradycardia) along with low blood pressure, he needs to undergo a comprehensive examination, as these combinations often indicate serious health problems. Start by visiting a therapist. After making an accurate diagnosis, the doctor will recommend what needs to be done to improve your well-being and treat the identified pathology.

Low blood pressure and increased heart rate after drinking coffee or alcohol

There are many reasons why the pulse quickens, but at the same time the pressure drops. This can happen in the background:

• alcohol abuse;
• taking medications, including beta blockers, diuretics;
• consumption of tonics, coffee;
• insufficient physical activity.

Caffeine, energy drinks, alcohol, and nicotine cause increased heart rate, but each body’s reaction to them is individual. For some people, coffee increases blood pressure, while for others it decreases. Even if the appearance of a high pulse and low blood pressure is caused by the factors mentioned above, it is necessary to consult a therapist, since drinking coffee or smoking can increase the manifestation of hidden pathologies.

Vegetative crisis

This condition has a paroxysmal nature and develops in most cases with excitement or overheating. An attack can occur even in a sleeping person - in this case, unpleasant sensations force one to wake up.

Symptoms of a vegetative crisis:

• severe weakness;
• pale skin;
• trembling, tremor;
• profuse sweating;
• dull pain throughout the body;
• nausea, vomiting;
• tinnitus;
• darkening of the eyes;
• dry mouth;
• difficulty speaking and gait disturbances with preserved consciousness;
• high pulse;
• low blood pressure.

It may seem to the observer that the person has suddenly become intoxicated: he has turned pale, his speech has become unclear, his gaze has become unfocused, and his gait has become unsteady. These symptoms are of an increasing nature; the crisis usually reaches its peak 10–15 minutes after the first signs appear.

What to do to help the victim:

1. lay down or sit down;
2. help remove warm clothes;
3. put cold water and warm coffee or tea with sugar nearby;
4. provide a flow of fresh air.

The crisis can last from 5 minutes to half an hour; in most cases, calling an ambulance is not required. If such attacks occur against the background of overheating in an apparently healthy person, it is necessary to make an appointment with a neurologist: this is how demyelinating diseases and other pathologies of the nervous system can manifest themselves. If there is no connection with changes in external temperature, you should be examined by a cardiologist and endocrinologist.

Diseases of the heart and blood vessels

The combination of a high pulse and low blood pressure often indicates congestive heart failure. In this case, there is weakness of heart contractions, which is partially compensated by an increase in their frequency. Therefore, the pressure will be low, but the pulse will be high. Please note: without treatment, this pathology eventually leads to a heart attack.

High pulse and low blood pressure can also be caused by atherosclerosis. Due to the buildup of cholesterol plaques or stenosis, arterial resistance increases, causing the heart muscle to contract more to pump blood.

Hyperthyroidism

One of the manifestations of the disease associated with increased production of thyroid hormones is a high number of heartbeats. At the same time, some patients have low blood pressure rather than high blood pressure.

The development of hyperthyroidism may be indicated by:

• increased appetite with rapid weight loss;
• anxiety;
• heat intolerance;
• tremor.

If you have these symptoms, you need to be examined by an endocrinologist.

Impaired production of cortisol and other corticosteroids

Pathologies of the adrenal glands, including Addison's disease, lead to a decrease in the production of the hormone cortisol, which affects vascular tone. The body compensates for the resulting circulatory failure by increasing the heart rate.

Increased heart rate and low blood pressure are sometimes associated with high cortisol levels. Increased production of this hormone may be a consequence of pituitary or adrenal tumors.

Diabetes and other diseases of the endocrine system

A high pulse and low blood pressure sometimes indicate such a common and dangerous disorder as diabetes. Often patients do not know about their diagnosis for a long time, which leads to accelerated development of the disease due to lack of treatment.

The following signs may suggest the presence of diabetes:

1. sudden, unexplained change in weight (with type 1 diabetes, weight usually decreases, with type 2 diabetes it usually increases);
2. frequent urination;
3. drowsiness;
4. irritability.

Low blood pressure and low pulse: what to do

The combination of low blood pressure and low pulse can be caused by various reasons:

• isolated heart rhythm disturbances, coronary heart disease - you need to consult a cardiologist;
• constant intense training (athletes often experience a decrease in blood pressure and pulse at rest) - observation by a therapist is necessary to exclude the development of pathologies;
• hypothermia - in normal general condition, medical assistance is not required; in case of severe prolonged hypothermia with deterioration in general condition, the help of a doctor is needed;
• hypothyroidism (decreased levels of thyroid hormones) – treatment by an endocrinologist is necessary;
• intoxication, uremia, sepsis, some pathological changes during pregnancy - in all cases emergency medical care is required.

Thus, with low pressure in combination with changes in pulse, you cannot self-medicate. Such conditions can be signs of dangerous pathologies, each of which is treated in its own way. You need to make an appointment with a doctor and begin the examination.

Diagnostics

A low pressure of 80 to 60 is recorded by a tonometer, most often as an accidental diagnostic finding. Then, over the course of a week, a series of measurements are taken on different days to confirm the diagnosis of hypotension. If a sustained decrease in blood pressure below the age norm is confirmed, it is necessary to undergo a full clinical and laboratory examination:

• collection of complaints, physical examination;
• pulsometry;
• ECG, EchoCG;
• UAC, OAM; biochemistry, hormone tests;
• analysis for the content of electrolytes in the blood;
• ACTH stimulation test (adrenal function);
• craniography;
• CT scan of the brain.

The main task is to establish the cause of the drop in pressure, stabilize it, and only then carry out the necessary additional research.

Symptoms of pathology

The following symptoms are observed with hypotension:

• dizziness and headache;
• nausea;
• decreased performance, drowsiness, loss of strength;
• pale skin tone on the face.

If the pressure drops sharply, the patient becomes irritable. He has mood swings, complaints of poor sleep, and appetite.

Symptoms of hypotension manifest themselves differently in all people: some patients may experience a range of symptoms, while others may express one thing, for example, headaches.

Complications

“Harmless” hypotension 80/60 without timely and adequate treatment is fraught with extremely serious consequences:

• ischemia and hypoxia of organs and tissues;
• development of hypertension against the background of changes in the structure and tone of blood vessels;
• loss of consciousness;
• heart attack, stroke;
• decreased libido, seriously impairing quality of life;
• internal bleeding in the digestive tract;
• arrhythmias;
• dementia;
• chronic fatigue syndrome with disability

Therefore, if hypotension is detected, it is necessary to establish the cause and eliminate it.

Features of treatment

Acute hypotension requires emergency measures in a specialized hospital, chronic hypotension most often resolves independently due to the compensatory capabilities of the body.

First aid

At home, to quickly increase blood pressure, you can:

• drink a cup of freshly ground coffee or strong hot tea;
• suck on a pinch of salt;
• eat a piece of bread with honey and cinnamon.
• massage the back of the head, neck, and lower abdomen;
• lie on the bed with a bolster under your feet;
• take a Citramon tablet.

If a drop in pressure to 80 to 60 or lower is caused by severe disorders, an ambulance call, hospitalization in the intensive care unit, and intensive resuscitation measures are required:

• infusion of crystalloid solutions that regulate water-electrolyte metabolism and the acid-base state of the blood: Ringer's solution, Hartmann's solution, NaCl, Lactasol, Disol;
• introduction of pressor amines - analogues of natural catecholamines: Dobutamine, Norepinephrine, Dopamine;
• for blood loss - transfusion of blood plasma, clotting factors, red blood cells;
• in acute myocardial infarction - thrombolysis with Streptokinase, Urokinase, Actilyse, Metalyse;
• for shock - hormones: Prednisolone, Dexamethasone.

The chronic form can be treated at home or on an outpatient basis.

Medications

The most effective correction of chronic blood pressure is 80/60 with the following drugs:

• adaptogens: Schisandra, Eleutherococcus, Ginseng, Rhodiola Rosea;
• nootropics: Noopept, Nootropil, Glycine;
• adrenergic agonists: Ephedrine, Pargyline, Midodrine;
• caffeine-containing: Citramon, Askofen, Codeine.

Cordiamine can increase blood pressure one-time.

Folk recipes

You can increase vascular tone, that is, stop hypotension using folk methods:

• 100 g of crushed ginseng or leuzea root is poured with half a liter of alcohol or vodka, left in the dark for a couple of weeks, drunk 30 drops, three times a day;
• freshly squeezed pomegranate juice is diluted with water 1:1, taken once a day for a couple of months;
• use a remedy made from honey and calendula or lemongrass tincture in the morning (30 drops).

The clinical effectiveness of herbs has not been proven, however, their use must be agreed with a doctor.

Pregnancy

A pressure of 80 to 60 for pregnant women is considered normal only if the initial blood pressure was low, since there is a hormonal change in the body and a change in vascular tone due to the double load on the blood flow.

Normal readings above 100/60 with such a drop in blood pressure are considered excessively low and require increased attention.

The danger is that fetal hypoxia may develop due to impaired blood flow in the uterus. But if the expectant mother feels well, no therapy is carried out. It is taken under constant control; in case of negative symptoms, blood pressure is corrected:

• walks;
• strong tea or coffee in the morning;
• cold and hot shower;
• Exercise therapy.

If the result is not achieved, adaptogens (Eleutherococcus) are used. Medicines are a last resort; they are prohibited in the first half of pregnancy. With the formation of the placental barrier, caffeine-containing drugs (Caffeine) are recommended.

Headaches with low blood pressure

Headaches with low blood pressure can vary in nature and intensity. They can increase quickly if pressure readings decrease sharply, or accompany the patient constantly. The following features are characteristic of pain due to hypotension:

• lack of precise localization - discomfort spreads to the entire surface of the head;
• additional symptoms: nausea and dizziness;
• chronic course, with alternating periods of relief and exacerbation.

If your blood pressure is constantly low and your head hurts, this indicator must be maintained with medication. With prolonged use, migraine may develop. This is an acute headache that does not go away even after normalization of blood pressure and significantly affects performance.

Prevention, prognosis

If a decrease in pressure to the level of 80/60 is not associated with life-threatening conditions, the prognosis is favorable: hypotension is easily corrected. As a preventive measure, there are a few simple rules that allow hypotensive patients to feel cheerful and cheerful:

• full 8-9 hour sleep;
• gradual awakening (you need to wake up a little earlier and do a light warm-up right in bed: turn your head in different directions);
• cold and hot shower;
• charger;
• on an empty stomach in the morning - a glass of green tea with honey and lemon;
• light, fractional, balanced meals with chocolate, coffee, tea, spices, seasonings;
• afternoon rest (not necessarily lying down);
• breathing exercises: sitting on a chair, put your hands on the back of your head, slightly spread your legs, bend down as low as possible while inhaling, and then exhale sharply and deeply, straightening up (three times);
• acupressure massage of the little finger of the right hand (nail phalanx to the left of the base), index finger of the right hand (nail phalanx on the side of the middle finger);

And lastly, there is no need to measure blood pressure often. Only a doctor can correctly assess the situation. If negative symptoms appear, confirmed by the tonometer numbers, contact him.