Sinusitis is an inflammatory disease of the maxillary sinuses, also called the maxillary sinuses. Sinusitis can be acute and become chronic.
Treatment of sinusitis in adults can be carried out by both an otolaryngologist (ENT) and a therapist. This disease does not occur in children under 2–3 years of age, because their paranasal sinuses are not yet developed.
Types of sinusitis
There are several types of disease based on different criteria.
Depending on the duration of the process
Acute and chronic
Acute sinusitis is an inflammation accompanied by acute symptoms. It begins abruptly; in the absence of proper treatment, symptoms may subside, but this does not indicate recovery. The transition to a sluggish process, an erased form of inflammation, long-term persistence of symptoms for several weeks or months is the beginning of chronicity of the disease. In this case, we talk about chronic sinusitis, which has a longer and less noticeable course, but is dangerous for complications.
According to the nature of the discharge
Catarrhal and purulent
With the catarrhal form of the disease, a fluid forms in the sinuses, which does not contain pathogenic microflora and dead cells. This may be a signal of the beginning of the acute phase. The purulent process occurs later in the absence of timely intervention. Catarrhal sinusitis can be effectively treated. Therapy helps prevent the development of a purulent process.
The purulent form of the disease is characterized by the presence of microflora in the sinus discharge and parts of dead cells (pus itself). As a result of the onset of inflammation, swelling of the mucous membrane develops, which leads to disruption of the outflow of inflammatory exudate. This creates a favorable environment for the proliferation of pathogenic flora. The waste products of bacteria, as well as mucosal cells and leukocytes become purulent discharge.
According to the condition of the mucous membrane
Purulent-polypous, polypous, atrophic, parietal-hyperplastic, etc.
This is a group of sinusitis, which is characterized by changes in the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus. For example, in the polypous form, the mucous membrane grows with the formation of polyps, in the atrophic form, thinning of the mucosa occurs, etc.
By source of infection
Hematogenous, rhinogenic, odontogenic
This classification provides for the identification of subspecies based on the route of infection. Hematogenous sinusitis is more often observed in children. In this case, the infection is transmitted through the blood from inflamed organs, which occurs against the background of tonsillitis, lymphadenitis, etc.
In the case of odontogenic sinusitis, the infection penetrates into the maxillary sinus from the teeth located near the roots. Typically, this disease develops against the background of periodontitis or periostitis, that is, when the periodontal tissues or periosteum are damaged. Rhinogenic sinusitis is formed against the background of inflammatory diseases of the nose.
By prevalence
Double sided and single sided
The division takes into account the prevalence of the lesion: both sinuses are affected in case of bilateral sinusitis, one - in case of unilateral sinusitis.
Allergic
Allergic sinusitis is classified as a separate category, since the cause of inflammation and swelling is not an infection, but an allergic reaction. This disease can form as a complication of allergic rhinitis and develop in response to various allergens.
Reasons for the development of drug-induced rhinitis
The nasal mucosa has a developed network of capillaries and is well supplied with blood. This allows you to effectively warm and humidify the inhaled air. Difficulty in nasal breathing occurs with vasodilation and swelling of the mucous membrane, which can be associated with both infection and allergies. Most often, nasal congestion is a temporary phenomenon, but such a symptom worsens a person’s quality of life. Difficulties with sleep, disruption of habitual activity force the use of vasoconstrictors, and they also give an almost instant effect. When used, the vessels of the nasal cavity contract, swelling decreases and nasal breathing becomes easier. Such medications are easy to purchase at any pharmacy, so they are often used without consulting a doctor and without observing the recommended periods of use. As a result, an addiction to nasal drops develops. An attempt to refuse them leads to a reactive increase in swelling in the nasal cavity, and this forces the person to use the medicine again and again.
Causes of sinusitis
Symptoms of sinusitis develop due to the proliferation of viruses, as well as pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria: streptococci, Haemophilus influenzae, etc. But most often the cause of inflammation is viruses.
In people with weakened immune systems, sinusitis can develop due to the proliferation of fungi and saprophytic (normal) microflora.
Risk factors that aggravate the problem and make a person vulnerable include the following conditions:
- ARVI;
- acute and chronic rhinitis;
- adenoiditis;
- chronic inflammatory diseases of the ENT organs;
- caries of the upper teeth;
- previous operations on the teeth or alveolar process of the upper jaw, on bone tissue (bone grafting);
- anatomically narrow nasal passages;
- deviated nasal septum.
- Possible complications
Chronic sinusitis is not the only complication of an acute inflammatory process. There is a possibility of inflammation spreading to the frontal sinus and the development of meningitis, inflammation of the lining of the brain, the formation of irreversible disorders of the sensory organs - loss of smell, decreased vision, development of otitis media.
Treatment of drug-induced rhinitis
The doctor will advise you on how to get rid of addiction to vasoconstrictor drops. The treatment regimen depends on individual characteristics and the duration of the disease. Both medical and surgical treatment are prescribed. A specialist may prescribe a course of drugs with anti-inflammatory effects. They effectively eliminate inflammatory changes in the nasal mucosa. This helps relieve dependence on vasoconstrictor drops. Sinupret® oral drops and tablets have an anti-inflammatory effect, help relieve swelling, and help clear the nose and paranasal sinuses of mucus. And also when used together with vasoconstrictor drops from the first day of the disease, they can reduce the use of the latter1.
Signs and symptoms of sinusitis
How to understand that sinusitis has begun? The acute form will immediately make itself felt by increasing body temperature to 39 °C. Symptoms of general intoxication and chills appear and increase, pain occurs in the area of the maxillary sinus, forehead bones or cheekbones. When palpating these areas, the pain intensifies; the pain can radiate to the temple or the affected half of the face.
Most patients report headaches. Nasal breathing is also impaired on the affected side of the sinus. Bilateral sinusitis forces you to breathe exclusively through your mouth. When sinusitis is complicated by blockage of the lacrimal canal, profuse lacrimation develops. Nasal discharge is liquid in the early stages, then becomes more viscous, with a greenish or yellowish tint.
Chronic sinusitis does not develop immediately. Symptoms of sinusitis in adults without fever may indicate a chronic process. The general condition may not be affected, but during periods of exacerbation, headaches develop, loss of strength is felt, and discharge appears from the nose.
Application
Adults and children over 12 years of age take 1 tablet 3 times a day. The tablets should be taken without chewing, with a sufficient amount of liquid, and preferably after meals.
There are insufficient data to recommend specific dosing for renal and/or hepatic dysfunction.
Unless otherwise prescribed by your doctor, the recommended course of treatment is 7–14 days.
Please pay attention to the information in the SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS section.
Children. Not prescribed to children under 12 years of age due to lack of sufficient data.
Treatment of sinusitis in adults
The treatment strategy for sinusitis is determined by the type of disease and the severity of the condition.
Puncture of the maxillary sinus
There are several indications for puncture or puncture of the sinus:
- ineffectiveness of medication methods;
- lack of outflow of pus from the sinus;
- sharp, bursting pain that intensifies when bending over;
- an increase in body temperature to 38 °C or more, persisting for several days, despite treatment.
The puncture is performed on an outpatient basis under local anesthesia: a turunda soaked in lidocaine is inserted into the nostril. After this, the sinus cavity is punctured and washed with saline, as well as the introduction of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs.
Methods for treating sinusitis without puncture
Drug treatment may be accompanied by nasal lavage according to Proetz (cuckoo method). The course of therapy itself consists of taking antibiotics and antipyretics, and using local vasoconstrictors for no more than 5 days.
Doctors also often prescribe the herbal medicine Sinupret® in the form of tablets and drops for oral administration, as it helps eliminate nasal congestion, has an antiviral and anti-inflammatory effect, and reduces the risk of complications. It can also be taken in conjunction with vasoconstrictors. The latter will eliminate the symptom, and Sinupret®, acting on the cause of the disease, will help you recover faster.
Symptoms of addiction to nasal drops
The instructions for most vasoconstrictor sprays and drops contain a warning that long-term use can cause addiction. Usually we are talking about 5-7 days, after which the course of treatment should be completed.
However, congestion in this case often returns, and to relieve it, the person uses the remedy again. Therefore, the main symptom is nasal congestion, which returns several hours after the last drops are instilled. The symptom may worsen at night when lying down.
An important manifestation is that congestion no longer goes away without drops. As a result, a person begins to feel anxious after the effect of the drug ends, if there are no drops at hand.
Associated signs of drug-induced rhinitis are headaches, a feeling of weakness, dry nasal mucous membranes, and the formation of dry crusts in the nose. The use of vasoconstrictors helps dry out the mucous membrane. This symptom can develop immediately from the very beginning of their use, and worsen as the addiction progresses.
Prevention of sinusitis
General strengthening measures help to avoid the development of sinusitis. You should pay attention to chronic ENT diseases and get medical help in a timely manner.
And in order to prevent complications, it is important to complete the course of therapy and not self-medicate. Some drugs, such as Sinupret®, can be taken without consulting a doctor, others, especially antibiotics, should only be prescribed by a specialist.
Important: if symptoms of sinusitis appear, you should consult a doctor.
Diagnosis of drug-induced rhinitis
When developing an addiction to vasoconstrictor drops, you need to visit an otorhinolaryngologist (ENT). He can make such a diagnosis based on the information collected. The doctor will clarify how long and exactly what local remedies the patient has been using, what symptoms arise when trying to stop droppings, and whether there are any concomitant diseases.
Rhinoscopy is also performed - examination of the nasal cavity. In rare cases, a deeper examination is required using a special thin instrument equipped with a camera or a computed tomography (CT) scan.
Sinupret Forte price, where to buy
You can buy this drug for an average price of 500 rubles per package.
- Online pharmacies in UkraineUkraine
- Online pharmacies in KazakhstanKazakhstan
Pharmacy24
- Sinupret forte No. 20 tablets Bionorica SE, Nimechchina
178 UAH.order
PaniPharmacy
- Sinupret forte tablets Sinupret forte tablets. No. 20 Germany, Bionorica
196 UAH order
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Side effects
Hypersensitivity reactions may occur while taking this medication. Rarely, reactions from the gastrointestinal tract (nausea, abdominal pain), allergic reactions on the skin ( urticaria , itching , redness) may occur. Severe allergic reactions (shortness of breath, Quincke's edema ) occur very rarely.
special instructions
It should be taken into account that the drug contains lactose, sucrose, sorbitol, and glucose. People diagnosed with hereditary intolerance to galactose, glucose, lactose, fructose, sucrose should not take Sinupret Forte
People with diabetes should note that one tablet contains approximately 0.03 bread units
If you take the drug in the indicated dosage, it does not affect the ability to drive vehicles or work with dangerous machinery.
Analogs
Level 4 ATC code matches: Cashnol
Anise oil
Bronchophyte
Pine buds
Pertussin
Bronchosan
Gedelix
Mixture for inhalation
Herbion ivy syrup
Herbion plantain syrup
Herbion primrose syrup
Mukaltin
Dr. Theiss syrup with plantain
Bronchosept
Joset
Thermopsol
Tussamag
Marshmallow syrup
Dry cough syrup
Ammonia-anise drops
To date, there are no analogues of this drug based on the active substance.
Almost the same composition is found only in the drug Sinupret , which is produced in the form of tablets, drops and syrup.
