Antipyretic for children. What antipyretic should I give my child?

How to understand that the temperature is elevated

The concept of norm is very relative. For children in the first half of the year, even 37.2C may be the norm. An excess of 1.5C from the individual norm can be considered a low-grade fever, and above one and a half - a fever. But even such digital accuracy is relative. For some children, an increase in body temperature of even half a degree is critical. The overall assessment of the child’s condition is decisive! Therefore, at what temperature to give an antipyretic to a child can only be answered based on the existing characteristics of the child and the current situation.

How to measure body temperature

The most accurate measuring device is a common mercury thermometer. All its electronic analogues have measurement errors. Their undoubted advantage is convenience and safety (no glass or mercury). If you recently purchased such a gadget, then it will take time to calibrate it to find out the extent of this error.

Literature

1. Yewale VN, Dharmapalan D. Promoting appropriate use of drugs in children // Int J Pediatr. 2012; 2012: 906570. Epub 2012 May 8.
2. Allan GM, Ivers N., Shevchuk Y. T reatment of pediatric fever: Are acetaminophen and ibuprofen equivalent? // Can Fam Physician. 2010, Aug; 56(8):773.
3. Sullivan JE, Farrar HC Fever and antipyretic use in children // Pediatrics. 2011, Mar; 127(3):580–587.
4. Zakharova I.N., Zaplatnikov A.L., Tvorogova T.M., Machneva E.B. Pediatricians – about febrile conditions in children: what you need to know and be able to do. Text of a scientific article in the specialty “Fundamental Medicine”/216.
5. Baranov A.A., Tatochenko V.K., Bakradze M.D. Feverish syndromes in children. Recommendations for diagnosis and treatment. M., 2011.

Why does body temperature rise

An increase in body temperature is an evolutionarily developed mechanism of protection against harmful factors. How does he work.

Firstly, it directly affects infectious agents. The viability of many bacteria and viruses decreases at 38°C and above. For some microbes, fever is completely destructive. Secondly, indirectly, through the activation of special defense mechanisms, which “turn on” only when the body’s temperature changes.

These are not factors that are so bad, but the body is so smart that it knows how to fight them. He knows how to do it, but his parents don’t know how to be happy about it. Fears lead them away from the great significance of such a powerful weapon against microbes.

Should I fight the temperature?

Depends on your willpower, the condition of the child and the doctor’s recommendations. Just think before you start fighting. By lowering the temperature, you are not attacking the disease, but the child’s defenses.

When should you give antipyretics to your child?

The use of antipyretics is necessary in the following cases of increased body temperature:

• age up to 3 months.
• if there is a tendency to develop seizures (or a history of seizures with an increase in temperature in the child)
• in the presence of diseases of the nervous and cardiovascular systems
• with a sharp increase in fever
• at temperatures above 38.5C
• with poor tolerance to fever
• when vomiting/diarrhea occurs
• with white fever

White fever

This is an unfavorable variant of the course of fever. In this case, a spasm of the skin vessels occurs, a marble pattern appears, the skin turns pale to a bluish tint, the hands and feet become very cold.

All the heat that the body produces remains in the organs and tissues. Heat transfer is disrupted, but production remains at the same level. Chills appear, increasing the fever. Using antipyretics alone may not help in such situations. The appearance of symptoms of white fever is a reason to seek emergency medical help.

Vomiting, diarrhea and fever in a child

Such a serious condition occurs due to intoxication, therefore, in the complex treatment of such conditions, drugs are prescribed that rid the body of toxins. Experts identify a number of diseases that are accompanied by exactly this set of symptoms. Among them there are food poisonings contaminated with various microorganisms.

In case of diarrhea, vomiting and fever in a child, it is recommended to take sorbents, consume large amounts of non-carbonated liquid and maintain an optimal temperature in the room, and frequently ventilate the room.

Types of antipyretics according to active substance

In pediatric practice the following are applicable:

1. Ibuprofen (children over 6 months)
2. Paracetamol

Their effectiveness and safety are recognized by international and domestic experts. In foreign standards and Russian regulatory documents of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and guidelines for pediatricians, only these two antipyretics are indicated.

It is important!

An indicator of the effectiveness of therapy is a decrease in body temperature by 0.5 C in 30 minutes.
Repeated use of the same drug is possible no earlier than 4-5 hours after the first dose. It is better to determine which antipyretics to give your child together with your doctor.

Rules for calculating a single dose

1. Ibuprofen – 3-5 mg/kg
2. Paracetamol – 10-15 mg/kg
3. The dose per dose is determined not by the child’s age, but by his weight!
4. Read the instructions for the medications carefully. Determine how many milligrams (mg) of the active substance are in a certain volume of the drug or release form.
5. Frequency of administration – no more than 4 times a day!

Choosing the optimal antipyretic drug in pediatric practice

Fever is one of the main reasons for seeking medical care in pediatrics, accounting for up to 30% of all doctor visits by children in general and up to 2/3 of visits by children under three years of age [1, 2].

Depending on the etiological factor, it is customary to distinguish two main groups of fever: infectious and non-infectious (with aseptic immune inflammation, tissue damage and dysfunction of the autonomic and central nervous system (CNS)) [3].

In Russia, fever in children is most often associated with infectious diseases, especially acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI). Most children with ARVI are treated at home; parents often resort to self-medication using over-the-counter analgesics [4].

Meanwhile, moderate fever is an important protective and adaptive reaction of the body, promoting the death of pathogens of infectious diseases, the production of antibodies, and the activation of phagocytosis and immunity. The use of antipyretics is sometimes undesirable due to the fact that they can mask the clinical manifestations of severe infections, delay the establishment of the correct diagnosis, which increases the risk of complications and deaths [5]. When a child receives antibacterial therapy, regular use of antipyretic medications may mask the insufficient effectiveness of the antibiotic [3].

On the other hand, an increase in body temperature to very high values ​​(> 40 °C) can contribute to the development of cerebral edema and dysfunction of vital organs [6]. A rise in temperature above 38 °C is dangerous for children in the first two months of life due to imperfect thermoregulation processes, for children aged 6 months to 3 years who are at risk for the development of febrile seizures, as well as in the presence of severe respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. vascular systems, the course of which can worsen with fever [7].

In children with central nervous system pathology (perinatal encephalopathy, epilepsy, etc.), seizures may develop against the background of elevated body temperature [8]. Febrile seizures occur in 2–4% of children, most often at the age of 12–18 months [6].

The purpose of prescribing antipyretic drugs to children is not only to prevent the above complications and dehydration, but also to reduce the discomfort associated with fever [9, 10]. Moreover, some experts consider the elimination of discomfort to be the main goal of treating fever in pediatrics [11].

The question of using an antipyretic for fever in a child should be decided individually. Children at risk for developing complications from febrile reactions include:

• under 2 months of age with a temperature above 38 °C;
• with a history of febrile seizures;
• with diseases of the central nervous system;
• with chronic pathology of the circulatory system;
• with hereditary metabolic diseases [12].

Russian pediatricians recommend prescribing antipyretic drugs to children in the first 3 months of life at a temperature > 38 °C, and to children over 3 months (previously healthy) at a temperature > 39 °C and/or for muscle aches and headaches [13].

In addition, antipyretics are recommended for all children with a history of febrile seizures at temperatures > 38–38.5°C, and for severe heart and lung disease at temperatures > 38.5°C.

Antipyretic therapy should be carried out against the background of etiological treatment of the underlying disease, and in children with allergic diseases (atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis) against the background of the use of antihistamines [4].

When choosing an antipyretic drug, it is always necessary to weigh its benefit/risk ratio for a given pathology, assessed on the basis of the results of adequate randomized controlled trials. It is necessary to give preference to the most well-studied drugs in pediatrics, of which there are very few today - 75% of drugs on the pharmaceutical market have never been studied in adequate clinical studies in children [14, 15]. An important factor when choosing a drug for children is also the availability of pediatric dosage forms and their organoleptic properties (taste, smell), as well as ease of dosing and use, which allows increasing adherence to pharmacotherapy and preventing medical errors.

Among the drugs with analgesic and antipyretic effects, the most well studied in pediatrics are ibuprofen and paracetamol. These drugs are recommended by the World Health Organization; they are the only representatives of their group approved for over-the-counter use for fever and pain in children in most economically developed countries, including the Russian Federation. Paracetamol and ibuprofen can be prescribed to children from the first months of life both in a hospital and at home [3]. The use of other non-opioid analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in pediatric patients is limited due to both the lack of data on effectiveness in this population and the risk of serious side effects. Some NSAIDs are only available by prescription for the treatment of arthritis in children and adolescents.

It should be noted that there are significant differences between paracetamol and ibuprofen that must be taken into account when choosing antipyretics (Table).
Ibuprofen, unlike paracetamol, has not only antipyretic and analgesic, but also anti-inflammatory properties, so its use is more preferable in children with fever accompanied by inflammatory processes, for example, sore throat, otitis media, arthritis, etc. [16]. Table. Regimens for the use of paracetamol and ibuprofen for the treatment of fever in children [8]

Evidence of the effectiveness of ibuprofen for fever in children

The effectiveness and safety of ibuprofen in children with fever has been studied in more than 120 clinical trials, most of which included paracetamol as a comparator [17].

The results of these studies indicate that, both in single doses and in repeated doses, ibuprofen is at least as effective as or superior to paracetamol.

For example, in an open-label, randomized, three-parallel group study of children aged 6–24 months, ibuprofen at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg was superior to paracetamol and acetylsalicylic acid (both at a dose of 10 mg/kg) [18]. ].

A more pronounced antipyretic effect of ibuprofen at doses of 7.5 and 10 mg/kg compared with paracetamol at a dose of 10 mg/kg has been demonstrated in a number of other clinical studies in children [19–23]. Additionally, in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial of 127 children 2–11 years of age, ibuprofen was shown to be better at reducing high fever (>39.2°C) than paracetamol [24].

The higher efficacy of ibuprofen as an antipyretic in children when used at a dose of 5–10 mg/kg compared with paracetamol at doses of 10–12.5 mg/kg was confirmed by the results of a meta-analysis that included 17 blinded randomized clinical trials [17]. The superiority of ibuprofen was observed at all time intervals studied (2, 4 and 6 hours after administration) and was most pronounced between 4 and 6 hours after the start of treatment, when the effect of ibuprofen was more than 30 points higher than the effect of the comparison drug. When studies in which ibuprofen was used at a dose of 5 mg/kg were excluded from the analysis, its advantage over paracetamol increased even more (the effect was approximately 2 times stronger than that of paracetamol). The incidence of side effects, including gastrointestinal and renal side effects, was similar.

The conclusion about the superiority of ibuprofen over paracetamol in terms of antipyretic and analgesic efficacy in adults and children was also made in the latest published meta-analysis, which included data from 85 comparative clinical studies of these drugs, including 35 studies comparing antipyretic activity [26].

Analysis of published data allows us to recommend ibuprofen as the drug of choice for the treatment of fever in children, since it causes a more pronounced decrease in body temperature than paracetamol, without increasing the risk of adverse events [27].

Very interesting data were obtained in a study by Autret-Leca et al. (2007): Although ibuprofen and paracetamol were found to be comparable in effectiveness and tolerability, significantly more parents in the ibuprofen group than in the paracetamol group rated the drug their children were receiving as “very effective” both open-label and in the blinded phase of the study [28]. The authors believe that this assessment may be explained by some additional benefit of the drug, which could not be measured in this study, but reduced parents' anxiety about their children's treatment.

Another study focused on parental satisfaction when their children (n = 490) received ibuprofen suppositories as an antipyretic at a dose of 5–10 mg/kg/dose [29]. The average rating of parents' satisfaction on a 5-point scale was 4.5 ± 0.47; 92.2% of parents said they would use this drug in the future.

There are fewer comparative studies of ibuprofen with other antipyretics, since the use of the latter (for example, acetylsalicylic acid and metamizole sodium) in children is limited due to safety concerns. However, available evidence suggests that ibuprofen is also superior in effectiveness. As mentioned above, ibuprofen at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg was superior in effectiveness to acetylsalicylic acid at a dose of 10 mg/kg [18].

In a comparative study of 80 children aged 6 months to 8 years, a single dose of ibuprofen 10 mg/kg had a greater antipyretic effect than a single dose of Dipirone (metamizole sodium) 15 mg/kg [30]. The benefit of ibuprofen was particularly pronounced in children with high (>39.1°C) body temperature. In other comparative clinical studies, ibuprofen was not inferior in effectiveness to metamizole sodium preparations for intramuscular administration, which allowed the authors to recommend giving preference in pediatrics to ibuprofen as an oral drug, the use of which is not associated with pain and other undesirable consequences of injections [31, 32].

The advantage of ibuprofen over other antipyretics is the rapid (within 15 minutes) development of the antipyretic effect [32, 33] and its long duration (8 hours) [25].

Ibuprofen has been shown to be effective for the treatment (at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg) and prevention (at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day, divided into 3 doses) of post-vaccination reactions, including fever [34]. The preventive effect of the drug against post-vaccination reactions was especially pronounced in children aged 3 months [34].

Although relief of the discomfort associated with fever is considered to be the main purpose of antipyretic administration, targeted research on this issue is virtually absent. As mentioned above, one randomized trial showed a more favorable effect of ibuprofen on this indicator compared to paracetamol and acetylsalicylic acid [18].

In a small domestic study involving 30 children aged 3 months to 2 years with fever due to ARVI, the use of Nurofen suppositories for children (60 mg) led to a more rapid improvement in well-being, normalization of sleep and appetite than the use of paracetamol suppositories (80 mg) [35 ].

This may be explained by both the wider spectrum of pharmacological action of ibuprofen and its more favorable effect on the temperature curve (speed of onset of effect, duration of action). It is possible that the reason may be the variable bioavailability of paracetamol when administered rectally [36].

Thus, evidence-based medicine data indicate that ibuprofen has advantages over paracetamol and other antipyretics in terms of effectiveness as an antipyretic in children with fever. Many experts believe that ibuprofen should be considered the drug of choice for fever in children and adults [10, 25–28, 37, 38].

The attitude of experts towards combination therapy with ibuprofen and paracetamol is contradictory. In the recent double-blind clinical trial PITCH, which compared the effectiveness of the combination of paracetamol (15 mg/kg) and ibuprofen (10 mg/kg) with monotherapy for fever in children aged 6 months to 6 years with a temperature of 37.8–41, 0 °C or more, the combination of drugs made it possible to normalize body temperature 23 minutes faster than paracetamol alone, but not faster than ibuprofen [38].

A systematic review that analyzed data from 7 randomized clinical trials failed to show any significant benefit or harm from combination therapy [25]. In this regard, the review authors consider the use of combination therapy inappropriate. Most other experts also recommend avoiding combination therapy due to safety concerns, including potential drug overdose [10, 11, 38–41]. In the case of combined or alternate use of paracetamol and ibuprofen, to prevent overdose, it is recommended to record the time of administration of each dose of the drugs [38]. Based on the results obtained, the authors recommended starting treatment of young children with ibuprofen monotherapy as the drug of choice.

Literature

1. Boivin JM, Weber F., Fay R., Monin P. Management of pediatric fever: is parents' skill appropriate? //Arch Pediatr. 2007; 14: 322–329.
2. Porth CM, Kunert MP Alteracoes na regulacao da temperatura. In: Porth CM, Kunert MP Fisiopathology. 6a ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan; 2004. P. 190–201.
3. Korovina N.A., Zakharova I.N., Zaplatnikov A.L. Acute fever in children // RMZh. 2005, no. 17, 1165–1170.
4. Geppe N. A. The place of ibuprofen in antipyretic therapy for children with allergic conditions // Consilium medicum. 2003, no. 6.
5. Niven DJ, Leger C., Kubes P., Stelfox HT, Laupland KB Assessment of the safety and feasibility of administering anti-pyretic therapy in critically ill adults: study protocol of a randomized trial // BMC Res Notes. 2012, Mar 16; 5:147.
6. Cremer OL, Kalkman CJ Cerebral pathophysiology and clinical neurology of hyperthermia in humans // Prog Brain Res. 2007; 162:153–169.
7. Ketova G. G. Features of the use of antipyretic drugs in children // RMZh. 2008, no. 18, 1170–1172.
8. Timchenko V.N., Pavlova E.B. Modern approaches to the treatment of fever in children with infectious pathology // RMZh. 2008, No. 3, p. 113–117.
9. Lava SA, Simonetti GD, Ramelli GP et al. Symptomatic management of fever by Swiss board-certified pediatricians: results from a cross-sectional, Web-based survey // Clin Ther. 2012, Jan; 34(1):250–256.
10. Chiappini E., Principi N., Longhi R. et al. Management of fever in children: summary of the Italian Pediatric Society guidelines // Clin Ther. 2009, Aug; 31(8):1826–1843.
11. Sullivan JE, Farrar HC Fever and antipyretic use in children // Pediatrics. 2011, Mar; 127(3):580–587.
12. Zaplatnikov A.L. Rational use of antipyretic drugs for ARVI in children // RMZh. 2009, no. 19, 1223–1236.
13. Tatochenko V.K., Uchaikin V.F. Fever // Pediatric pharmacology. 2006; 3:43–44.
14. Carleton BC, Smith MA, Gelin MN, Heathcote SC Paediatric adverse drug reaction reporting: understanding and future directions // Can J Clin Pharmacol. 2007, Winter; 14(1):e 45–57.
15. Yewale VN, Dharmapalan D. Promoting appropriate use of drugs in children // Int J Pediatr. 2012; 2012: 906570. Epub 2012 May 8.
16. Timchenko V. N., Pavlova E. B. Experience of using the drug “Nurofen for children” in the treatment of infectious diseases in children. Information mail. St. Petersburg, 2006. 8 p.
17. Perrott DA, Piira T., Goodenough B., Champion GD Efficacy and safety of acetaminophen vs ibuprofen for treating children's pain or fever: a meta-analysis // Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2004, Jun; 158(6):521–526.
18. Autret E., Reboul-Marty J., Henry-Launois B. et al. Evaluation of ibuprofen versus aspirin and paracetamol on efficacy and comfort in children with fever // Eur J Clin. 1997; 51: 367–371.
19. Wilson JT, Brown RD, Kearns GL et al. Single-dose, placebo-controlled comparative study of ibuprofen and acetaminophen antipyresis in children // J Pediatr. 1991 Nov; 119(5):803–811.
20. Autret E., Breart G., Jonville AP et al. Comparative efficacy and tolerance of ibuprofen syrup and acetaminophen syrup in children with pyrexia associated with infectious diseases and treated with antibiotics // Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1994; 46(3):197–201.
21. Van Esch A, Van Steensel-Moll HA, Steyerberg EW et al. Antipyretic efficacy of ibuprofen and acetaminophen in children with febrile seizures // Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1995, Jun; 149(6):632–637.
22. Czaykowski D., Fratarcangelo P., Rosefsky J. Evaluation of the antipyretic efficacy of single dose ibuprofen suspension compared to acetaminophen elixir in febrile children // Pediatr. Res, 1994, 35, Abstr. 829.
23. Goldman RD, Ko K., Linett LJ, Scolnik D. Antipyretic efficacy and safety of ibuprofen and acetaminophen in children // Ann Pharmacother. 2004; 38 (1): 146–150.
24. Walson PD, Galletta G., Braden NJ, Alexander L. Ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and placebo treatment of febrile children // Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1989, July; 46(1):9–17.
25. Pursell E. Treating fever in children: paracetamol or ibuprofen? // Br J Community Nurs. 2002; 7: 316–320.
26. Pierce CA, Voss B. Efficacy and safety of ibuprofen and acetaminophen in children and adults: a meta-analysis and qualitative review // Ann Pharmacother. 2010, Mar; 44(3):489–506.
27. Allan GM, Ivers N., Shevchuk Y. T reatment of pediatric fever: Are acetaminophen and ibuprofen equivalent? // Can Fam Physician. 2010, Aug; 56(8):773.
28. Autret-Leca E., Gibb IA, Goulder MA Ibuprofen versus paracetamol in pediatric fever: objective and subjective findings from a randomized, blinded study // Curr Med Res Opin. 2007, Sep; 23(9):2205–2211.
29. Hadas D., Youngster I., Cohen A. et al. Premarketing surveillance of ibuprofen suppositories in febrile children // Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2011, Mar; 50 (3): 196–199.
30. Magni AM, Scheffer DK, Bruniera P. Antipyretic effect of ibuprofen and dipyrone in febrile children // J Pediatr (Rio J). 2011, Jan-Feb; 87(1):36–42.
31. Prado J., Daza R., Chumbes O. et al. Antipyretic efficacy and tolerability of oral ibuprofen, oral dipyrone and intramuscular dipyrone in children: a randomized controlled trial // Sao Paulo Med J. 2006. May 4; 124(3):135–140.
32. Yilmaz HL, Alparslan N., Yildizdas D. Intramuscular Dipyrone versus Oral Ibuprofen or Nimesulide for Reduction of Fever in the Outpatient Setting // Clin Drug Investig. 2003; 23(8):519–526.
33. Pelen F. et al. Treatment of Fever: monotherapy with ibuprofen. Ibuprofen pediatric suspension containing 100 mg/5 ml, Multicentre acceptability study conducted in hospital // Ann. Pediatr. 1998; 45, 10: 719–728. Br J Community Nurs. 2002, Jun; 7 (6): 316–320.
34. Diez-Domingo J., Planelles MV, Baldo JM et al. Ibuprofen prophylaxis for adverse reactions to diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccination: a randomized trial // Curr Ther Res. 1998; 59:579–588.
35. Klyuchnikov S. O., Barsukova M. V., Dubovich E. G., Suyundukova A. S. Rational approaches to the use of antipyretic drugs in children // RMJ. 2010, no. 5, p. 243–247.
36. Anderson B. Paracetamol. In: Jacqz-Aigrain E, Choonara I, editors. Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology. New York: Taylor & Francis; 2006, p. 621–627.
37. Mennick F. Ibuprofen or acetaminophen in children? As the debate continues, the evidence may favor ibuprofen // Am J Nurs. 2004, Sep; 104(9):20.
38. Hay AD, Costelloe C, Redmond NM et al. Paracetamol plus ibuprofen for the treatment of fever in children (PITCH): randomized controlled trial // BMJ. 2008, Sep 2; 337:a1302.
39. Meremikwu M., Oyo-Ita A. Paracetamol for treating fever in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002; (2): CD003676.
40. Kearns GL, Leeder JS, Wasserman GS Combined antipyretic therapy: another potential source of chronic acetaminophen toxicity // J Pediatr. 1998; 133:713.
41. Purssell E. Combining paracetamol and ibuprofen for fever in children // BMJ. 2008; 337:593.

1 This drug is not registered in the Russian Federation.

E. A. Ushkalova, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor

FSBI NTsAGiP im. V. I. Kulakova Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia, Moscow

Contact information about the author for correspondence

Antipyretics for children. Types of antipyretics by release form

The main forms of antipyretic drugs for children are suppositories, syrups, suspensions, powders and tablets.

Troychatka from temperature for children

At elevated temperatures, doctors prescribe medications that relieve painful symptoms. Triad is considered one of the most effective remedies for the disease. This is a preparation of three natural herbs.

The troika for fever helps to cope with acute respiratory viral infections and influenza. This remedy can be used when a child has an elevated temperature due to an inflammatory process, seasonal cold or flu.

An example of such a miracle cure is Troychatka from Evalar. This is a specially developed herbal complex of extracts of three herbs with an antiparasitic effect. This drug does not cause allergies in the baby, as it consists of natural ingredients - extracts and flowers of tansy, wormwood and clove buds.

All of the above medical drugs can be purchased, as well as order the manufacture of drugs in the Gubernskiye Pharmacies network at a reasonable price. Place an order in our online store or call 2911-555.

How to choose an antipyretic drug for a child

Focus on the following points:

• Child's age. Not all forms and not all drugs are suitable for young children.
• The presence of intolerances and allergies in parents and relatives. In the age of allergic reactions, the background and the presence of predispositions are important.
• Behavioral and other characteristics of the child. For all their convenience, antipyretic suppositories may not find their use in sensitive children. Not every parent can overcome their categorical protests and rebellions at the slightest attempt to approach them with the drug.

There are children (and even adults) who cannot swallow pills. Others have irresistible vomiting on syrups and suspensions.

Can I give aspirin to a child?

Aspirin is strictly prohibited for use in children with fever!
Its side effects are very serious for the health of babies. Various homeopathic medicines are acceptable for circulation on the Russian market, but their evidence base still requires research. They have not yet been included in the clinical recommendations and guidelines for pediatricians by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.

How to reduce fever without medications

The best option is to create optimal conditions for the functioning of the child’s body.

Important for heat transfer:

• constant flow of cool, moist air (double benefit: ventilation and natural humidification)
• indoor air temperature (not higher than 18-20 °C) (when breathing, the inhaled air comes into contact with a large area of ​​the alveoli in the lungs and brings coolness to the body, and when exhaled, it carries away excess heat)
• dry underwear is important (for optimal heat transfer through the skin)
• comfortable clothes (should be moderately warm so that the surrounding coolness does not cause spasm of skin blood vessels)

Physical cooling measures have a number of limitations and risks of skin vasospasm and white fever. The evidence base for their effectiveness is very low. It is only permissible to use an ice pack over the child’s head (no more than 30 minutes) or wipe the skin of exposed parts of the body with plain water at room temperature. Wiping, rubbing, especially with vinegar and alcohol solutions are prohibited! This leads to skin trauma and poisoning of the child.

Temperature candles for children

Candles can be used to treat adults and children. Components that promote healing are absorbed through the intestinal mucosa, enter the bloodstream and spread throughout the body, providing an antipyretic effect. The process bypasses the upper gastrointestinal tract without causing irritation. Their main difference from capsules and tablets is that the components necessary for treatment enter the body faster, and accordingly, recovery will occur sooner.

Temperature candles for children:

• Efferalgan. Their active substance is paracetamol, which blocks the center of pain and thermoregulation. Suppositories are used for elevated body temperature, acute respiratory viral infections, influenza, infectious diseases and reactions to vaccines. They can also act as an anesthetic for dental, headache, muscle and other types of pain.
• Panadol. Experts classify these suppositories as analgesics. Their use can reduce pain and lower body temperature. You should not use more than 4 suppositories per day. Without consulting a doctor, treatment should last no longer than 3 days.
• Cefcon D. This drug attracts with its affordable price - 50 rubles per pack. The main active ingredient is paracetamol of varying dosages. The effect of use will be felt after 30 minutes. Also great for lowering fever in babies and newborns.