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Neomycin

Stylab / Catalog / Antibacterial drugs / Neomycin

STYLAB offers test systems for the determination of neomycin in milk and milk powder, honey, meat and other animal tissues, serum and blood plasma, as well as in urine by ELISA.

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), strip plate	5111NEO Neomycin ELISA
Antibacterial standards	Pure substances and aminoglycoside standards for analysis in accordance with GOST 32798-2014

Neomycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic from the aminoglycoside group, which also includes gentamicin . It is a mixture of three substances. Even though this antibiotic was discovered in 1949, it is still used today because bacteria slowly develop resistance to it.

Neomycin is poorly absorbed when taken orally, so it is used to treat diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, such as enteritis and dysentery, and in preparation for operations on the gastrointestinal tract. However, more often it is used externally to treat wound infections, furunculosis, eczema and conjunctivitis. When applied to a large surface or damaged skin, neomycin is absorbed into the blood.

Neomycin is able to cross the placental barrier, and during pregnancy this antibiotic is used only for health reasons. Neomycin is ototoxic (causes hearing loss), neurotoxic and nephrotoxic. Other side effects include blood disorders, allergic reactions, nausea and vomiting. In addition, neomycin inhibits intestinal microflora.

In the Russian Federation and the countries of the Customs Union, the maximum permissible levels of neomycin in food products are specified in the “Unified Sanitary-Epidemiological and Hygienic Requirements for Goods Subject to Sanitary and Hygienic Supervision (Control).” According to them, the neomycin content in meat should not exceed 0.5 mg/kg, in milk – 1.5 mg/kg. Current standards can be found using the compact24.com

To analyze neomycin in food products, it is convenient to use ELISA test systems. They allow you to get results within 1 hour, do not require expensive equipment and are easy to use.

Literature

Neomycin: instructions, use and formula. Radar website.
NEOMYCIN (addendum). WHO FOOD ADDITIVES SERIES: 51.
Carman RJ, Simon MA, Petzold HE 3rd, Wimmer RF, Batra MR, Fernández AH, Miller MA, Bartholomew M. Antibiotics in the human food chain: establishing no effect levels of tetracycline, neomycin, and erythromycin using a chemostat model of the human colonic microflora. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2005 Nov;43(2):168-80. Epub 2005 Aug 29.

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Basinetzin

Dosage form

Powder for external use

Composition per 1 g

Active ingredients

: bacitracin (in the form of bacitracin zinc* - 0.00416 g) - 250 IU, neomycin (in the form of neomycin sulfate * - 0.00746 g) - 5000 IU.

Excipient

: corn starch – 0.987 g.

* Quantitative content in grams depends on the initial activity of the active ingredients. The content of active ingredients in grams is indicated based on activity:

— 60 IU/mg bacitracin in terms of bacitracin zinc;

— 670 IU/mg neomycin calculated as neomycin sulfate.

Description

Fine powder of white or yellowish color.

Pharmacotherapeutic group

Antibiotic, combined.

ATX code

: D06AX.

Pharmacological properties

Pharmacodynamics

The drug is a combined antibacterial drug intended for external use.

The drug contains two bactericidal antibiotics: neomycin and bacitracin, thanks to the combination of which a synergistic effect is achieved.

Bacitracin primarily inhibits the synthesis of murein in the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria (and some gram-negative bacteria).

Bacitracin is active primarily against gram-positive microorganisms: Streptococcus hemolyticus, Staphylococcus spp., Clostridium spp., Corynebacterium diphtheriae

, and some gram-negative microorganisms:
Neisseria spp.
and
Haemophilus influenzae
.
Bacitracin is also active against Treponema pallidum
,
Actinomyces spp.
and
Fusobacteria spp .
Resistance to bacitracin is extremely rare.

The effectiveness of neomycin is due in part to an increase in cell membrane permeability due to inhibition of protein synthesis. Neomycin is active against both gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens, such as Stap hylococcus spp., Proteus spp.,
Enterobacter aerogenes , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Haemophilus influenzae, Pasteurella, Neisseria meningitidis, Vibrio cholerae , Bordetella pertussis, Bacillus anthracis
,
Corynebacterium Diphtheriae, Streprococcus faecalis, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli
and
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
.
Also active against Borrelia
and
Leptospira interrogans
(
L. icterohaemorrhagiae
). Some strains of staphylococci are resistant to neomycin.

Thanks to the use of a combination of these two substances, a wide spectrum of action of the drug is achieved, with the exception of action against pseudomonas, nocardia, fungi and viruses.

Tissue tolerability of the drug is assessed as good; inactivation by biological products, blood and tissue components is not observed.

If the drug is applied to large areas of skin lesions (in violation of the recommended dosage regimen), the possibility of absorption of the drug and its consequences should be taken into account (see sections “Contraindications”, “Interaction with other drugs”. “Special instructions” and “Side effects” ).

The powder also has a drying, soothing and cooling effect.

Pharmacokinetics

When used properly, it acts locally at the site of application. However, if absorbed, the serum half-life of neomycin or bacitracin is approximately 2-3 hours.

Bacitracin is practically not absorbed by mucous membranes and skin. However, the possibility of absorption should be taken into account when applying the drug to open wounds.

Only a small amount of neomycin is absorbed by intact skin. Neomycin is quickly absorbed when the keratin layer is damaged (ulcers, wounds, burns, etc.) and inflamed or damaged skin.

Any amount of the drug absorbed by intact skin is excreted in the urine.

Indications for use

The powder is indicated for use in infections caused by microorganisms sensitive to neomycin and/or bacitracin.

- Bacterial skin infections of limited prevalence, for example, weeping contagious impetigo, infected trophic ulcers of the lower extremities, infected eczema, bacterial diaper dermatitis, bacterial complications of viral infections caused by Herpes simplex and Herpes zoster, incl. infection of vesicles in chickenpox.

— Prevention of umbilical infection in newborns.

— Prevention and treatment of infection after surgical (dermatological) procedures: the powder can be used for additional treatment in the postoperative period (after excision, cauterization, episiotomy, treatment of skin cracks, perineal rupture and weeping wounds and sutures).

Contraindications

- hypersensitivity to bacitracin, neomycin, antibiotics, aminoglycoside series, to auxiliary components of the drug;

- extensive skin lesions, since absorption of the drug can cause an ototoxic effect, accompanied by hearing loss;

- severe disturbances in excretory function due to heart or renal failure in patients with existing lesions of the vestibular and cochlear systems in cases where absorption of the active components of the drug is possible;

- infections of the external auditory canal with perforation of the eardrum;

- use of powder to treat eye infections;

- simultaneous use with systemic aminoglycoside antibiotics (due to the risk of cumulative toxicity).

Carefully

In patients with decreased liver and/or kidney function, acidosis, myasthenia gravis or other neuromuscular diseases.

Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding

The use of the drug during pregnancy and breastfeeding is possible only after consultation with a doctor, if the expected benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus or infant. It should be remembered that neomycin, like all aminoglycoside antibiotics, can penetrate the placental barrier. Prenatal hearing loss in the fetus has been described with the use of systemically high doses of aminoglycoside antibiotics.

Directions for use and doses

Externally. It can be applied without touching the affected surface with your hands. The powder is applied in a thin layer to the affected areas 2 - 4 times a day for adults and children; if appropriate - under a bandage. The area where the powder is applied should not exceed 1% of the body surface area (which corresponds to the size of the patient’s palm). The duration of treatment should not exceed 7 days.

Patients with impaired liver and/or kidney function.

When using doses much higher than recommended, it is necessary to take into account the possibility of developing nephro- and/or ototoxic changes, due to the increased risk of possible absorption of active substances, especially in patients with impaired liver and/or kidney function. It is recommended to carry out appropriate urine and blood tests or audiometric studies.

Elderly patients (65 years and older).

No dose adjustment is required in elderly patients.

Side effect

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), adverse effects are classified according to their frequency of development as follows: very common (>1/10), common (>1/100 to <1/10), uncommon (>1/1000 up to <1/100), rare (from >1/10000 to <1/1000), very rare (<1/10000); frequency unknown - based on available data, it was not possible to determine the frequency of occurrence.

The drug is usually well tolerated when used externally.

Immune system disorders

rarely: allergic reactions (if there is a history of allergic reactions to neomycin in 50% of cases, cross-allergy to other aminoglycosides may develop);

frequency unknown: increased sensitivity to various substances, including neomycin (usually observed when used in the treatment of chronic dermatoses); in some cases, allergic reactions may appear as a lack of effect from the therapy.

Nervous system disorders

frequency unknown: vestibular nerve damage, neuromuscular blockade.

Hearing and labyrinth disorders

frequency unknown: ototoxicity.

Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders

rarely: allergic reactions manifesting as contact dermatitis, allergic reaction to neomycin.

frequency unknown: allergic reactions in the form of redness and dryness of the skin, skin rashes and itching (with prolonged use).

Renal and urinary tract

frequency unknown: nephrotoxicity.

If any of the side effects indicated in the instructions worsen, or any other side effects not listed in the instructions are noted, you should immediately inform your doctor.

Overdose

When used in doses significantly higher than recommended, due to the possible absorption of the active components of the powder, special attention should be paid to symptoms indicating nephro- and/or ototoxic reactions.

Interaction with other drugs

With systemic absorption of the active components of the drug, simultaneous use of cephalosporins or aminoglycoside antibiotics may increase the likelihood of a nephrotoxic reaction. Concomitant use of diuretics such as ethacrynic acid or furosemide with the drug can provoke an oto- and nephrotoxic effect. Absorption of the active components of the drug may enhance the effects of blockade of neuromuscular conduction in patients receiving narcotic substances, anesthetics and or muscle relaxants.

special instructions

Since the risk of toxic effects increases with decreased liver and/or kidney function, blood and urine tests along with audiometric testing should be performed in patients with hepatic and/or renal insufficiency before and during drug therapy.

When absorbing the active components of the drug, special attention should be paid to the potential blockade of neuromuscular conduction, especially in patients with acidosis, concomitant myasthenia gravis or other neuromuscular diseases. In this case, calcium preparations or neostigmine methyl sulfate can prevent the development of such blockades. During long-term treatment, attention should be paid to the possible growth of resistant microorganisms. In such situations, appropriate treatment tactics should be chosen. In case of using the drug in children, patients with impaired liver and kidney function, as well as with a large area of the treated surface, long-term use and deep skin lesions, it is recommended to first consult a doctor.

For patients who develop an allergy or superinfection, the drug should be discontinued.

The effect of the drug on the ability to drive vehicles and machinery

The drug does not affect the performance of potentially hazardous activities that require increased concentration and speed of psychomotor reactions (including driving vehicles, working with moving mechanisms).

Release form

Powder for external use 250 ME/g + 5000 ME/g.

10, 15, 20 g of powder in plastic bottles made of high-density polyethylene with plastic dispensers made of high-density polyethylene. A writing paper label is attached to each bottle.

1 bottle of powder along with instructions for medical use is placed in a cardboard pack.

Storage conditions

In a place protected from light at a temperature not exceeding 25 ° C.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Best before date

2 years.

Do not use after the expiration date.

Vacation conditions

Available without a prescription.