Effect of the drug Clonazepam

Areas of application and effect

Benzodiazepines have an anti-anxiety and calming effect: fear, anxiety and restlessness disappear in users. Therefore, the main medical indications for the use of clonazepam are anxiety disorders, psychomotor agitation and panic attacks, as well as psychotic symptoms that occur in schizophrenia.

Benzodiazepines are also used as a sedative before surgery, for epileptic seizures, tetanus, febrile seizures and other conditions with increased muscle tone.

Clonazepam is an allosteric GABA receptor agonist that reduces the excitability of nerve cells. The anti-anxiety effect is achieved due to inhibition of the release of “excitatory” neurotransmitters in the limbic system, which is responsible for controlling emotional behavior.

Clonazepam prolongs slow-wave sleep and reduces REM sleep, but is rarely used as a sleep aid due to its long half-life. Clonazepam is rapidly absorbed after administration through the gastrointestinal tract. The maximum concentration in the blood and the effect are achieved after 2-3 hours. It is popular among drug addicts for its ability to quickly relieve panic attacks or anxiety that occur during the use of LSD, psilocybin and other psychedelic drugs.

Possible side effects

Like other medicines, clonazepam can cause side effects, although not everyone gets them.

Important Side Effects:

Allergic reactions.

If you develop an allergic reaction, consult your doctor immediately.

Allergic reactions may manifest as the following symptoms:

• Sudden swelling of the larynx, face, lips and mouth. These symptoms may lead to difficulty breathing or swallowing.
• Sudden swelling of the arms, legs and ankles.
• Skin rash or itching.

Adverse reactions from the cardiovascular system

If you experience any of these symptoms, you should contact your doctor immediately.

These symptoms include:

• Shortness of breath, swollen ankles, cough, fatigue and rapid heartbeat.
• Pain in the chest area, which can radiate to the neck, shoulder and left arm.

Adverse reactions from the nervous system

If you experience some of these symptoms, you should talk to your doctor.

These symptoms include:

• Feelings of aggression, agitation, irritability, nervousness, agitation, anxiety and hostility.
• Sleep disturbance, nightmares and vivid dreams.
• Hallucinations, mania and speech disorders.
• Development of new types of seizures that have not previously been observed

Children and babies

• Special monitoring should be exercised when taking clonazepam in children and infants, as clonazepam may cause respiratory distress, coughing and a feeling of choking. This may be caused by excessive saliva production.
• Possible early puberty. After discontinuation of clonazepam, this process stops.

Other possible side effects

Taking clonazepam may cause the following symptoms:

• Drowsiness and fatigue
• Dizziness and increased fatigue.
• Muscle weakness or flexibility, jerking movements (poor motor coordination)
• Unsteadiness when walking

If you experience any of these symptoms, tell your doctor. Your doctor will prescribe a low dose of clonazepam for you as needed, gradually increasing your dose of clonazepam.

The following symptoms may appear during any period of treatment with clonazepam:

Mental activity and nervous system

• Poor concentration, confusion, and feeling lost (disorientation)
• Feeling restless
• Difficulty remembering new things
• Headache
• Depression
• Slow or choppy speech
• Poor coordination of movements, including unsteadiness when walking
• Increased frequency of epilepsy attacks

Circulatory, renal and hepatic systems

• Liver dysfunction (diagnosed by laboratory liver tests)
• Uncontrollable urination
• Problems with the circulatory system. Symptoms include feeling tired, bruising from minor bumps, shortness of breath and nosebleeds.

Your healthcare provider should perform periodic blood tests as needed.

Gastrointestinal tract

• Nausea
• Stomach disorders

Organs of vision

• Diplopia (double vision)
• Involuntary oscillating movements (nystagmus)

Respiratory system

• Respiratory failure (respiratory depression). The first signs include sudden noisy, labored and uneven breathing. Blueness of the skin may develop.

Skin and hair

• Skin rash, hives and itchy skin.
• Change in skin color
• Hair loss

Reproductive system

• Decreased libido
• erectile disfunction

Withdrawal syndrome

When taking benzodiazepines such as clonazepam, dependence on the drug may develop. Therefore, if you suddenly stop taking or reduce the dose of clonazepam, withdrawal syndrome may develop. Withdrawal syndrome can lead to the development of the following symptoms:

• Sleep disturbance
• Muscle pain, tremors and anxiety
• Feeling more anxious, tense, irritable or agitated, or mood changes
• Increased sweating
• Headache

The following symptoms are less common:

• Increased sensitivity to light, noise and physical contact
• Hallucinations
• Tingling and numbness in hands and feet
• Feeling out of touch with reality

Traumatization

Patients taking benzodiazepines are at increased risk of falling or breaking bones, especially the elderly and patients taking sedatives, including alcohol.

Reporting Adverse Events

If you notice any side effects, tell your doctor, pharmacist or pharmacist, including any side effects not listed in this leaflet. You can also report side effects by going to the website www.arpimed.com and filling out the appropriate form “Report a side effect or ineffectiveness of a drug” and to the Scientific Center for Expertise of Medicines and Medical Technologies named after. Academician E. Gabrielyan by going to the website www.pharm.am to the “Report a side effect of a drug” section and fill out the form “Card of reporting a side effect of a drug.” Scientific center hotline phone number: +37410237665; +37498773368 By reporting side effects, you help gather more information about the safety of this drug.

How to store Clonazepam

• The drug should be stored out of the reach of children, in a dry, dark place at a temperature not exceeding 250
• Shelf life – 3 years. Do not take clonazepam after the expiration date indicated on the drug package. When indicating the expiration date, we mean the last day of the specified month.
• Do not throw away any remaining tablets. Ask your doctor or pharmacist how to dispose of a drug you no longer need. Keep the medicine with you if your doctor tells you to do so.
• If the tablets change color or show other signs of deterioration, ask your pharmacist for instructions on how to dispose of the medication.

Package contents and additional information

What Clonazepam contains

One tablet contains:

active substance - clonazepam - 2 mg;

excipients: microcrystalline cellulose, lactose monohydrate, corn starch, povidone, sodium starch glycolate, magnesium stearate, purified talc.

What Clonazepam looks like and contents of the package:

Round, flat, white tablets with a score line on one side.

Cardboard packaging containing 24 tablets (1 blister of 24 tablets) along with an insert.

Vacation conditions

Available with prescription

Side effects

Main side effects:

• fatigue
• drowsiness
• difficulty concentrating
• depression
• memory losses

Impaired motor coordination, dizziness and muscle weakness increase the risk of falling. Other side effects include slow or slurred speech, blurred vision, nausea, diarrhea, dry mouth, increased appetite, slowed breathing, and decreased blood pressure.

Due to reduced reactivity, driving ability is reduced, which increases the risk of accidents when driving vehicles. Side effects depend on the dose. For some medical conditions—impaired lung and breathing function (such as asthma) or muscle weakness—benzodiazepines should not be taken.

Compatibility of Clonazepam and alcohol

? Consumption of alcohol-containing beverages during treatment with Clonazepam leads to metabolic disorders and malfunction of the renal apparatus.

The correlation of ethanol and synthetic substances in the composition of the drug enhances the effect on the central nervous system (CNS). It slows down the functional activity of neurons - brain cells responsible for receiving, processing and transmitting nerve impulses. With a significant overdose, the tandem can paralyze the functioning of the brain.

Using the drug for a hangover

The state of a hangover is characterized by symptoms of body poisoning:

• abdominal pain;
• nausea, vomiting;
• hyperhidrosis (increased sweating);

Psychoemotional disorders, dizziness, and cephalgic syndrome (headache) progress. Taking medication without medical advice aggravates neurological disorders, general intoxication, leading to loss of coordination and loss of consciousness.

The medication is used as prescribed by a doctor when withdrawal symptoms are accompanied by acute alcoholic psychosis.

Brief characteristics of the drug

The active substance belongs to the group of depressants - psychoactive benzodiazepines. The substances have a calming hypnotic effect, suppress nervous excitation, acting on the main inhibitory transmitter of the CNS (central nervous system).

The drug has an anti-anxiety, anticonvulsant effect, and helps reduce skeletal muscle tone.

The medication is produced in tablet form, with a dosage of the active substance of 2 mg or 0.5 mg.

Treatment with benzodiazepine tranquilizers is prescribed for pathologies of neurological origin:

• epilepsy;
• severe sleep disorders;
• episodic paroxysmal anxiety (panic attack);
• acute alcoholic psychosis (in common parlance – delirium tremens).

The drug is used to relieve pathologically high muscle tension.

Absolute contraindications for use:

• progressive obstruction of airflow in the respiratory tract (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease);
• diseases of the respiratory system in the stage of decompensation;
• alcohol, drug, drug intoxication;
• muscle weakness of an autoimmune nature (myasthenia gravis);
• perinatal and lactation period in women.

This is one of the most powerful tranquilizers that causes addiction. Incorrect cessation of therapy causes withdrawal syndrome, accompanied by psychosis, aggression, and impaired communication abilities.

Dosage adjustment is indicated for patients with liver and heart pathologies, people aged 60+, children and adolescents.

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Consequences of drinking alcohol

The consequences of the combination are expressed in increased side effects characteristic of the drug and alcohol intoxication.

The main manifestations include:

• asthenia;
• loss of coordination (ataxia);
• trembling of limbs;
• confusion;
• irritability, unreasonable anxiety;
• speech impairment (dysarthia);
• labored breathing;
• unstable blood pressure and pulse;
• constipation (constipation) or diarrhea (diarrhea);
• urinary retention (ischuria);

Heavy drinking of alcohol with an overdose of a tranquilizer causes:

• hallucinations;
• fainting;
• respiratory arrest;
• to whom;
• death.

Externally, the consequences of combining ethyl alcohol with medicine are expressed by yellowness of the eyeballs and skin.

Use for alcoholism

The medicine is used for severe forms of chronic alcoholism, with acute manifestations of alcohol psychosis. Course therapy is carried out in a hospital setting. Self-administration of the drug by a person who abuses alcohol causes toxic damage to the body.

Affected by:

1. Nervous system. The medication is rapidly absorbed into the systemic bloodstream through the walls of the digestive organs. The maximum concentration of the active substance is recorded after one and a half hours. When synchronized in the blood with ethanol, a synergistic depression of central nervous system functions occurs with the risk of loss of consciousness, coma, and death.
2. Liver. The active component is processed by hepatocytes (liver cells). Ethanol is primarily metabolized. When the liver functions poorly, which is typical for chronic alcoholics, the drug has a destructive effect on the organ.
3. Urinary organs. Simultaneously filtering drug residues with acetaldehyde formed during ethanol processing slows down the work and poisons the kidneys.

Tranquilizer therapy while drinking alcohol is prohibited.

When can you take the drug, after how long

How long before you can start drug therapy after drinking alcoholic beverages depends on the quantity and quality of what you drink. In a person weighing 70 kg, a 300 ml portion of vodka leaves the body in 12-15 hours. An identical dose of dry or sparkling wine is delayed for 3.5-4 hours.

The more alcohol enters the bloodstream, the longer the elimination period will be. To avoid side effects, you should not take a tranquilizer earlier than one day after the body is completely freed from the drug.