Pharmacological properties
Amoxicillin for injection
A new drug under the brand name amoxicillin can be purchased in many pharmacies in our country. This drug contains amoxicillin trihydrate, which has a strong antibacterial effect. Thanks to this active substance, the death of many types of infectious organisms occurs in the body. The drug is produced semi-synthetically from the penicillin fungus and has a positive effect in the fight against bacterial microorganisms and many other infections.
The activity of amoxicillin promotes the inhibition of the organic compound transpeptidase, causes bacterial lysis and leads to the cessation of peptidoglycan formation during bacterial growth and reproduction. The therapeutic effect of amoxicillin is aimed at the complete destruction of gram-negative and gram-positive spherical bacteria, including some rod-shaped bacteria.
Once in the body, amoxicillin begins the destructive destruction of many groups of bacterial organisms, with the exception of certain species that are capable of producing penicillinase. It enters into positive interactions with the compound metronidazole, due to which it leads to the death of many pathogenic organisms.
This drug is powerless against the indole-positive groups of Proteus, so to eliminate them it is necessary to use other drugs. The bactericidal effect of the drug has been proven by numerous tests and experiments conducted in modern laboratory conditions.
Amoxicillin capsules 500 mg No. 16 Hemofarm
Amoxicillin capsules 500mg No. 16 Hemofarm
Amoxicillin Buy Amoxicillin in pharmacies
DOSAGE FORMS capsules 500mg
MANUFACTURERS
Hemofarm A.D. (Serbia) Hemofarm D.D. (Yugoslavia)
GROUP Antibiotics of the penicillin group
COMPOSITION Active substance - amoxicillin.
INTERNATIONAL NON-PROPENTED NAME Amoxicillin
SYNONYMS Amoxisan, Amoxicillin DS, Amoxicillin Sandoz, Amoxicillin trihydrate, Amoxicillin sodium salt sterile, Amosin, Clamoxil LA, Ospamox, Flemoxin Solutab, Hiconcil, Ecobol
PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION Antibacterial (bactericidal). Stable in an acidic environment, food intake does not affect absorption. Easily passes histohematic barriers, except for the unchanged BBB, and penetrates most tissues and organs; accumulates in therapeutic concentrations in peritoneal fluid, urine, contents of skin blisters, pleural effusion, lungs, intestinal mucosa, female genital organs, middle ear fluid, gall bladder and bile, fetal tissues. Partially metabolized to form inactive metabolites, excreted unchanged by the kidneys and liver. A small amount is excreted in breast milk. The action develops 15-30 minutes after administration and lasts 8 hours. It has a wide spectrum of antimicrobial action, including Staphylococcus spp., except for penicillinase-producing strains, Streptococcus spp., Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, some Salmonella strains , Shigella, Klebsiella and Haemophilus influenzae.
INDICATIONS FOR USE Infections of the respiratory tract and ENT organs (bronchitis, pneumonia, tonsillitis, acute otitis media, pharyngitis, sinusitis), genitourinary system (urethritis, cystitis, pyelonephritis, endometritis, uncomplicated gonorrhea), skin and soft tissues, gastrointestinal tract (peritonitis, enterocolitis, cholecystitis, cholangitis, typhoid fever); leptospirosis, listeriosis, meningitis, Lyme disease (borreliosis), prevention of endocarditis and surgical infection; combination therapy of gastritis and peptic ulcer (in combination with metronidazole), sepsis (in combination with aminoglycosides).
CONTRAINDICATIONS Hypersensitivity (including to other penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems), allergic diathesis, bronchial asthma, hay fever, infectious mononucleosis, lymphocytic leukemia, history of gastrointestinal diseases (especially colitis associated with the use of antibiotics).
SIDE EFFECTS Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, pain in the anus, stomatitis, glossitis; agitation, anxiety, insomnia, confusion, behavior changes, headache, dizziness, convulsive reactions; difficulty breathing, tachycardia; joint pain; interstitial nephritis; dysbiosis, superinfection, oral or vaginal candidiasis, pseudomembranous or hemorrhagic colitis; moderate increase in the level of transaminases in the blood, transient anemia, thrombocytopenic purpura, eosinophilia, leukopenia, neutropenia and agranulocytosis; allergic reactions: exfoliative dermatitis, exudative erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, anaphylactic shock, maculopapular rash, itching, urticaria, Quincke's edema, reactions similar to serum sickness.
INTERACTION Reduces the effect of estrogen-containing oral contraceptives, reduces clearance and increases the toxicity of methotrexate. Enhances the absorption of digoxin. Excretion is slowed down by probenecid, sulfinpyrazone, acetylsalicylic acid, indomethacin, oxyphenbutazone, phenylbutazone and other drugs that suppress tubular secretion. Antibacterial activity is reduced by bacteriostatic chemotherapeutic agents and antacids, and increased by aminoglycosides and metronidazole. Allopurinol - increases the occurrence of skin rashes.
METHOD OF APPLICATION AND DOSAGE Set individually depending on the severity and localization of the infection, the sensitivity of the pathogen. The duration of treatment depends on the severity of the disease and the effectiveness of therapy.
OVERDOSE Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, water and electrolyte imbalance. Treatment: gastric lavage, administration of activated carbon, saline laxatives, correction of water and electrolyte balance; hemodialysis.
SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS Use with caution for urticaria and hay fever. Renal, liver and hematopoiesis function should be periodically monitored during long-term therapy. Treatment must be continued for 48-72 hours after the disappearance of clinical signs of the disease. During pregnancy and lactation, it is used for health reasons, taking into account the expected effect for the mother and the potential risk for the fetus or child. During the course, breastfeeding is excluded. It should be taken into account that the granules when preparing the suspension contain sugar. When determining glucose in urine, false positive results and changes in the results of determining urobilinogen are possible. For more information, see the naming instructions.
STORAGE CONDITIONS Store in a cool, dry place at room temperature, away from children.
Pharmacokinetic indications
Amoxicillin capsules
Taking amoxicillin inside the body is accompanied by a fairly accelerated absorption of the active components of the drug. This medicine can be taken in the form of a suspension or capsules. The effect of the drug occurs within one or two hours. Amoxicillin is resistant to the acidic environment of the stomach, and is also stable to the effects of leftover food in the stomach. When the drug is absorbed into the blood, its content does not exceed 5 mcg/ml.
When Amoxicillin enters the body, it easily passes through organ and tissue membranes, penetrating directly into the cells of the body. Residues of the drug may accumulate in small quantities in the liquid part of skin blisters, urine, and lungs. The components of the drug are detected when examining the internal fluid of the middle ear and intestinal mucosa, and may also be present in small quantities in the bile and genitals of women.
Taking this drug by pregnant women leads to the accumulation of its components in the tissues of the fetus. The drug amoxicillin can easily penetrate numerous histohematic barriers of the human body.
The drug can accumulate in significant quantities in the human meninges when inflammatory processes develop in them, including in the cerebrospinal fluid. If a person suffers from diseases of the kidneys and excretory system, then the time for removing the components of the drug from the body increases from one hour to twelve hours. As a result of metabolic reactions occurring at the body level, some of the components of amoxicillin are neutralized to inactive compounds and are excreted from the body through renal activity or bile. Minor proportions of the drug can leave the body with breast milk secretions.
AMOXICILLIN + CLAVULAN COLOR. d/prig. injection 1000+200 mg №1
Directions for use and doses
The drug is administered intravenously.
The dosage regimen is set individually depending on the severity of the disease, the location of the infection and the sensitivity of the pathogen. Adults and children over 12 years old:
the drug is prescribed in a dose of 1.2 g every 8 hours (3 times a day), in case of severe infection - every 6 hours (4 times a day).
The maximum daily dose is 6 g.
Children under 3 months of age
: premature and in the perinatal period - at a dose of 30 mg/kg (based on the entire drug) 2 times a day, in the postperinatal period - at a dose of 30 mg/kg (based on the entire drug) 3 times a day.
Children aged 3 months to 12 years
: at a dose of 30 mg/kg (based on the entire drug) 3 times a day, in case of severe infection - 4 times a day.
The duration of treatment is from 5 to 14 days.
To prevent postoperative infections during operations lasting less than 1 hour, a dose of 1.2 g is administered during induction of anesthesia. For longer operations - 1.2 g, every 6 hours during the day. If the risk of infection is high, administration may be continued for several days.
For patients with renal failure
the dose and/or interval between injections of the drug should be adjusted depending on the degree of insufficiency: with creatinine clearance more than 30 ml/min, no dose reduction is required; with creatinine clearance 10-30 ml/min, treatment begins with the administration of 1.2 g, then 0.6 g every 12 hours, with creatinine clearance less than 10 ml/min - 1.2 g, then 0.6 g/day.
For children, doses and frequency of administration should be reduced in the same way.
Since 85% of the drug is removed by hemodialysis, the usual dose of the drug must be administered at the end of each hemodialysis procedure.
For peritoneal dialysis, no dose adjustment is required.
Rules for the preparation and administration of solutions for intravenous injection:
The contents of the vial 600 mg (500 mg + 100 mg) should be dissolved in 10 ml of water for injection or 1.2 g (1000 mg + 200 mg) in 20 ml of water for injection.
Inject intravenously slowly (over 3-4 minutes)
Rules for the preparation and administration of solutions for intravenous infusion:
For infusion administration of the drug, further dilution is necessary: prepared solutions containing 600 mg (500 mg + 100 mg) or 1.2 g (1000 mg + 200 mg) of the drug must be diluted in 50 ml or 100 ml of solution for infusion, respectively. Duration of infusion is 30-40 minutes.
The following infusion solutions can be used as a solvent for intravenous infusions: isotonic sodium chloride solution, Ringer's solution, potassium chloride solution.
Amoxicillin tablet p/pl/o 500 mg N12 (Sandoz)
Amoxicillin is a broad-spectrum antibacterial, acid-resistant, bactericidal agent from the group of semisynthetic penicillins. Inhibits transpeptidase, disrupts the synthesis of peptidoglycan (supporting protein of the cell wall) during division and growth, and causes lysis of bacteria. Due to the broad spectrum of action, the drug is active against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. Clinically significant gram-negative microorganisms sensitive to amoxicillin include Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella, Shigella, Campilobacter, Haemophilus influenzae, Bordetella pertussis, Leptospira, Chlamydia. In addition, amoxicillin is active against all microorganisms sensitive to penicillin G, for example, group A, B, C, G, H, I, M streptococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococci and Neisseria spp. that do not produce penicillinase, Erysipelothrix rhysiopathiae, Corynebacterium , Bacillus anthracis, Actinomycetes, Streptobacilli, Spirillium minus, Pastereulla multocida, Listeria, Spirochaeta (Leptospira, Treponema, Borrelia) and others, as well as various anaerobic microorganisms (including peptococci, peptostreptococci, clostridia and fusobacteria). Pharmacokinetics Absorption - fast, high (93%), food intake does not affect absorption, is not destroyed in the acidic environment of the stomach. When taken orally at a dose of 125 and 250 mg, the maximum concentration is 1.5-3 mcg/ml and 3.5-5 mcg/ml, respectively. The effect develops 15-30 minutes after application and lasts 8 hours. The time to reach maximum concentration after oral administration is 1-2 hours. It has a large volume of distribution - high concentrations are found in plasma, sputum, bronchial secretions (distribution in purulent bronchial secretions is weak) , pleural and peritoneal fluid, urine, contents of skin blisters, lung tissue, intestinal mucosa, female genital organs, prostate gland, middle ear fluid, bone, adipose tissue, gall bladder (with normal liver function), fetal tissue. With increasing dose 2 times the concentration also increases 2 times. The concentration in bile exceeds the concentration in plasma by 2-4 times. In the amniotic fluid and umbilical cord vessels, the concentration of amoxicillin is 25-30% of the level in the plasma of a pregnant woman. It penetrates the blood-brain barrier poorly; in case of inflammation of the meninges (meningitis), the concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid is about 20%. Bonding with plasma proteins is 17%. Partially metabolized to form inactive metabolites. The half-life is 1-1.5 hours. It is excreted 50-70% unchanged by the kidneys by tubular excretion (80%) and glomerular filtration (20%), by the liver - 10-20%. A small amount is excreted in breast milk. If renal function is impaired (creatinine clearance less than or equal to 15 ml/min), the half-life increases to 8.5 hours. Amoxicillin is removed by hemodialysis.
