Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
Analogue of PgF2alpha. The active substance is latanoprost .
Xalatan increases the outflow of aqueous humor through the choroid of the eyeball, which leads to a decrease in intraocular pressure.
The drug does not affect the amount of aqueous humor produced and does not affect the blood-ophthalmic barrier .
In some cases, there is a slight change in pupil diameter.
The drug reduces intraocular pressure 4 hours after use. The effect lasts for a day.
Xalatan®
Latanoprost can gradually change eye color by increasing the amount of brown pigment in the iris. Before starting treatment, patients should be informed about the possible permanent change in eye color. Using the drug in one eye may cause irreversible heterochromia.
This change in eye color was predominantly observed in patients with unevenly colored irises, namely: brown-blue, gray-brown, yellow-brown and green-brown. In studies of latanoprost, darkening typically began within the first 8 months of treatment, rarely during the second or third year, and was not observed after four years of treatment.
The progression of iris pigmentation decreased over time and stabilized after 5 years. There is no data on increased pigmentation over 5 years. In an open-label 5-year safety study of latanoprost, 33% of patients developed iris pigmentation (see section "Side Effects"). In most cases, the change in iris color was minor and often not clinically detected. The incidence ranged from 7 to 85% in patients with unequally colored irises, predominant in patients with yellow-brown irises. No changes were observed in patients with uniformly colored blue irises; in rare cases, changes were observed in uniformly colored gray, green and brown irises.
The change in eye color is caused by an increase in the melanin content in the stromal melanocytes of the iris, and not by an increase in the number of melanocytes themselves. In typical cases, brown pigmentation appears around the pupil and extends concentrically to the periphery of the iris. In this case, the entire iris or parts of it acquire a brown color. After discontinuation of therapy, no further pigmentation was observed. According to available clinical data, the color change was not associated with any symptoms or pathological disorders.
The drug has no effect on nevi and lentigines of the iris. According to the results of 5-year clinical studies, pigment accumulation in the sclero-corneal trabecular meshwork or other parts of the anterior chamber of the eye was not noted. It has been shown that darkening of the iris does not lead to undesirable clinical consequences, so the use of latanoprost when such darkening occurs can be continued. However, such patients should be monitored regularly and, depending on the clinical situation, treatment may be discontinued.
Experience with the use of latanoprost in the treatment of angle-closure and congenital glaucoma, pigmentary glaucoma, and open-angle glaucoma in patients with pseudophakia is limited.
There is no information on the use of latanoprost in the treatment of secondary glaucoma due to inflammatory eye diseases and neovascular glaucoma.
Latanoprost has no effect on pupil size. Due to the lack of experience with the use of latanoprost in the treatment of acute attacks of angle-closure glaucoma, the drug should be used with caution in such patients.
Due to the fact that information on the use of latanoprost in the postoperative period of cataract extraction is limited, caution should be exercised when using the drug in this category of patients.
Caution should be exercised when using latanoprost in patients with a history of herpetic keratitis. In case of acute herpetic keratitis, as well as in the case of anamnestic information about chronic recurrent herpetic keratitis, it is necessary to avoid prescribing latanoprost.
Macular edema, including cystoid edema, was observed during latanoprost therapy, mainly in patients with aphakia, pseudophakia, rupture of the posterior lens capsule, or in patients with risk factors for the development of cystoid macular edema (in particular, diabetic retinopathy and retinal vein occlusion). Caution should be exercised when using latanoprost in patients with aphakia, pseudophakia with a posterior capsule tear or anterior chamber intraocular lens, or patients with known risk factors for cystoid macular edema.
Caution should be exercised when using latanoprost in patients with risk factors for developing iritis/uveitis.
Experience with the use of latanoprost in patients with bronchial asthma is limited, but in a number of cases, exacerbation of asthma and/or the appearance of shortness of breath were observed in the post-registration period. Caution should be exercised when using latanoprost in this category of patients (see also section "Side effects").
There have been cases of darkening of the skin of the periorbital area, which in a number of patients was reversible with continued therapy with latanoprost.
Latanoprost can cause gradual changes in eyelashes and vellus hair, such as lengthening, thickening, increased pigmentation, increased thickness, and a change in the direction of eyelash growth. Changes in eyelashes were reversible and disappeared after cessation of therapy.
Xalatan® contains benzalkonium chloride, often used as a preservative in ophthalmic medications.
Benzalkonium chloride may cause eye irritation, punctate keratopathy and/or toxic ulcerative keratopathy, and may be absorbed and discolored by soft contact lenses.
Careful monitoring of the condition of patients with dry eye syndrome or other corneal diseases is required during long-term use of latanoprost. Before using the drug, you must remove contact lenses and reinsert them no earlier than 15 minutes after instillation (see also section “Method of administration and dosage”).
Children
Information on the effectiveness and safety of latanoprost in children under one year of age is limited. There is no experience with the use of the drug in premature infants (gestational age less than 36 weeks).
There is no information on the safety of long-term use of latanoprost in children.
For primary congenital glaucoma in children aged 0 to 3 years, surgical intervention (goniotomy/trabeculotomy) remains the standard treatment method.
special instructions
Xalatan increases the amount of brown pigment in the iris, which leads to a gradual change in eye shade. This effect is recorded in individuals with a mixed iris (yellow-brown, blue-brown, green-brown, gray-brown and other similar options) and is explained by an increase in the melanin content in the structure of the stromal melanocytes of the iris. In most cases, brown pigmentation is located concentrically around the pupil, spreading to the periphery of the iris. In this case, part or even the entire iris takes on a more pronounced brown tint. If there is an intense change in eye color, treatment with Xalatan is discontinued.
In persons with evenly colored eyes of brown, green, gray, blue, a change in the shade of the eyes is very rarely recorded, even after two years of using medicinal drops. The change in eye color may be irreversible. The doctor is obliged to warn the patient about this side effect.
The medicinal drops contain benzalkonium chloride, which is absorbed upon contact with the lenses. Contact lenses can be installed only 15 minutes after instillation. The use of medicinal drops with installed contact lenses is unacceptable.
A short-term and quickly passing side effect in the form of a “veil before the eyes” is rare.
Driving is not recommended.
Xalatan, 3 pcs., 2.5 ml, 0.005%, eye drops
Xalatan® should be used no more than once a day, since more frequent administration of latanoprost leads to a weakening of the IOP-lowering effect.
If one dose is missed, the next dose should be administered at the usual time.
Latanoprost can be used concomitantly with other classes of topical ophthalmic medications to lower IOP. If the patient is using other eye drops at the same time, they should be used at least 5 minutes apart.
Xalatan® contains benzalkonium chloride, which can be absorbed by contact lenses. Before instilling drops, contact lenses must be removed and reinserted after 15 minutes.
Latanoprost may cause a gradual increase in brown pigment in the iris. The change in eye color is caused by an increase in the melanin content in the stromal melanocytes of the iris, and not by an increase in the number of melanocytes themselves. In typical cases, brown pigmentation appears around the pupil and extends concentrically to the periphery of the iris. In this case, the entire iris or parts of it become brown. In most cases, the color change is minor and may not be clinically detectable. Increased pigmentation of the iris of one or both eyes is observed mainly in patients with mixed iris color, containing a brown color as a base. The drug has no effect on nevi and lentigines of the iris; no accumulation of pigment in the trabecular meshwork or in the anterior chamber of the eye was noted.
When determining the degree of pigmentation of the iris for more than 5 years, no undesirable consequences of increased pigmentation were revealed, even with continued therapy with latanoprost. In patients, the degree of IOP reduction was the same, regardless of the presence or absence of increased iris pigmentation. Therefore, treatment with latanoprost can be continued in cases of increased pigmentation of the iris. Such patients should be monitored regularly and, depending on the clinical situation, treatment may be discontinued.
Increased pigmentation of the iris is usually observed during the first year after the start of treatment, rarely during the second or third year. After the fourth year of treatment, this effect was not observed. The rate of pigmentation progression decreases over time and stabilizes after 5 years. In the longer term, the effects of increased iris pigmentation have not been studied. After stopping treatment, no increase in brown pigmentation of the iris was noted, but the change in eye color may be irreversible.
In connection with the use of latanoprost, cases of darkening of the skin of the eyelids have been described, which may be reversible.
Latanoprost may cause gradual changes in eyelashes and vellus hairs, such as lengthening, thickening, increased pigmentation, increased thickness, and a change in the direction of eyelash growth. Changes in eyelashes are reversible and disappear after cessation of treatment.
Patients using drops in only one eye may develop heterochromia.
The use of eye drops may cause transient blurred vision.
Impact on the ability to drive a car and operate machinery.
Caution should be exercised when using the drug.
Analogues of Xalatan
Level 4 ATC code matches: Glauprost
Travatan
Analogues include the following drugs: Arutimol , Glaumol , Iotim , Kusimolol , Niolol , Normatin , Okumed , Okuril , Oftan Timolol , Timolol .
Reviews of Xalatan
An effective drug for glaucoma, it stabilizes intraocular pressure and prevents deterioration of eye condition. It should be remembered that the medicine is used until the end of life.
Xalatan drops are used for eyelash growth. Reviews indicate the actual presence of such a side effect of this drug. However, it should be remembered that this is still a drug, and you should not use it for dubious purposes, because the health risk may be significant.
In addition, the medication has serious side effects, such as redness of the eyes and sometimes permanent changes in the color of the iris.
Contraindications
Xalatan should not be prescribed in case of hypersensitivity to any component and under the age of one year.
Caution is required in the treatment of patients with risk factors for the development of macular edema, with pseudophakia and rupture of the posterior capsule, with inflammatory, neovascular glaucoma, with herpetic keratitis, with bronchial asthma.
During pregnancy, Xalatan should only be used if there is a high potential benefit to the mother. Breastfeeding should be interrupted during treatment.
Xalatan price, where to buy
A bottle of Xalatan is sold in Russia at a price of 580-800 rubles.
You can buy the drug in Moscow for about the same price.
- Online pharmacies in RussiaRussia
- Online pharmacies in UkraineUkraine
- Online pharmacies in KazakhstanKazakhstan
Pharmacy Dialogue
- Xalatan (open drop 0.005% 2.5 ml No. 3) Pfizer
RUB 1,684 order - Xalatan (eye drops 0.005% 2.5ml)Pfizer
RUR 695 order
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Pharmacy24
- Xalatan 2.5 ml No. 1 eye drops Pfizer Menufecchuring Belgium N.V., Belgium
591 UAH.order - Xalatan 0.005% 2.5 ml N3 drops Pfizer Menufecchuring Belgium N.V., Belgium
1472 UAH. order
PaniPharmacy
- Xalatan liquid Xalatan h/c 0.005% 2.5ml Belgium, Pfizer Manufacturing Belgium
567 UAH order
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Xalatan
Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding
There have been no adequate controlled studies in pregnant women.
The drug should be prescribed during pregnancy only in cases where the expected benefit to the mother outweighs the possible risk to the fetus. Latanoprost and its metabolites can be excreted in breast milk, so the drug should be used with caution during breastfeeding.
Use in children
Contraindicated for use in children under 1 year of age.
special instructions
Xalatan® should be prescribed no more than 1 time/day, because more frequent use of latanoprost leads to a weakening of the IOP-lowering effect.
If one dose is missed, the next dose should be administered at the usual time.
Latanoprost can be used concomitantly with other classes of topical ophthalmic medications to lower IOP. If the patient is using other eye drops at the same time, they should be used at least 5 minutes apart.
Xalatan® contains benzalkonium chloride, which can be absorbed by contact lenses. Before instilling drops, contact lenses must be removed and reinserted after 15 minutes.
Latanoprost may cause a gradual increase in brown pigment in the iris. The change in eye color is caused by an increase in the melanin content in the stromal melanocytes of the iris, and not by an increase in the number of melanocytes themselves. In typical cases, brown pigmentation appears around the pupil and extends concentrically to the periphery of the iris. In this case, the entire iris or parts of it become brown. In most cases, the color change is minor and may not be clinically detectable. Increased pigmentation of the iris of one or both eyes is observed mainly in patients with mixed iris color, containing a brown color as a base. The drug has no effect on nevi and lentigines of the iris; no accumulation of pigment in the trabecular meshwork or in the anterior chamber of the eye was noted.
When determining the degree of pigmentation of the iris for more than 5 years, no undesirable consequences of increased pigmentation were revealed, even with continued therapy with latanoprost. In patients, the degree of IOP reduction was the same, regardless of the presence or absence of increased iris pigmentation. Therefore, treatment with latanoprost can be continued in cases of increased pigmentation of the iris. Such patients should be monitored regularly and treatment may be discontinued depending on the clinical situation.
Increased pigmentation of the iris is usually observed during the first year after the start of treatment, rarely during the second or third year. After the fourth year of treatment, this effect is not observed. The rate of pigmentation progression decreases over time and stabilizes after 5 years. In the longer term, the effects of increased iris pigmentation have not been studied. After stopping treatment, no increase in brown pigmentation of the iris was noted, but the change in eye color may be irreversible.
In connection with the use of latanoprost, cases of darkening of the skin of the eyelids have been described, which may be reversible.
Latanoprost may cause gradual changes in eyelashes and vellus hairs, such as lengthening, thickening, increased pigmentation, increased thickness, and a change in the direction of eyelash growth. Changes in eyelashes are reversible and disappear after cessation of treatment.
Patients using drops in only one eye may develop heterochromia.
Impact on the ability to drive vehicles and operate machinery
The use of eye drops may cause transient blurred vision. Driving a car or using complex machinery while using the drug should be done with caution.
