Stelfrin supra eye drops 2.5%, bottle 10ml

pharmachologic effect

One of the main mediators of inflammation in allergies is histamine. By stimulating H1 receptors that are sensitive to it, it triggers the development of symptoms4. Second-generation antihistamines block H1 receptors and thereby interfere with the action of histamine4, providing an antiallergic effect1,4.

The effectiveness and safety of second-generation antihistamines has been proven in clinical trials4. Studies show that intranasal (intended to be administered into the nasal cavity) forms of levocabastine drugs act much faster than some allergy medications taken orally6.

Methods for cauterizing the nasal mucosa

Assessing the severity of mucosal hypertrophy and the patient’s medical history, the doctor selects the optimal intervention method.

The current methods of surgical treatment are the following:

• cauterization with silver. The procedure is recommended for frequent nosebleeds. Cauterization occurs using silver nitrate. The substance minimizes blood loss and makes the operation easier. After the intervention, congestion, slight burning, lacrimation and moderate sneezing are possible;
• cauterization with nitrogen. Thanks to this technique, it is possible to relieve the patient from mucosal hypertrophy and remove polyps. The operation is characterized by a short duration and a large list of advantages;
• cauterization by cold. Coblation is an innovative technique for cauterizing mucous membranes. The possibility of targeted impact reduces injuries and shortens the recovery period.

The result of the intervention directly depends on the correct choice of cauterization method.

Side effects

Clinical trials have shown that even with long-term use, levocabastine drugs do not cause significant side effects9. Compared with other antiallergic drugs, levocabastine is better tolerated12.

Due to the fact that some part of the drug is absorbed and enters the blood, undesirable effects of levocabastine may occur5:

• irritation and dryness of the nasal mucosa, accompanied by a burning sensation in the nose;
• drowsiness, dizziness and headache;
• nosebleeds;
• a sore throat;
• nausea;
• swelling of the eyelids

Before using the drug, be sure to consult your doctor.

to come back to the beginning

Levocabastine
International name of the medicinal substance:
Levocabastine The list of drugs containing the active substance Levocabastine is given after the description.
Pharmacological action:
Antihistamine, selectively blocks H1-histamine receptors.
Reduces the severity of allergic reactions mediated by the action of histamine. Quickly eliminates the symptoms of allergic rhinitis (sneezing, itching in the nasal cavity, rhinorrhea) and improves nasal breathing (by reducing swelling of the nasal mucosa). No carcinogenic or mutagenic effects or effects on fertility were detected. In doses exceeding those recommended for humans by 2500 times, it has teratogenic activity (increases the frequency of embryo resorption). Pharmacokinetics:
With a single intranasal administration, 30-40 mcg of levocabastine is absorbed, 70% of this amount is excreted unchanged in the urine. T1/2 - 35-40 hours. According to calculated data (based on determining the concentration in saliva and breast milk), the daily concentration in the child’s body should not exceed 3.5 mcg.

Indications:
Allergic rhinitis, hay fever.
Contraindications:
Hypersensitivity, severe chronic renal failure, children's age (up to 12 years).
Side effects:
Allergic reactions: skin rash (including erythematous, urticaria), skin itching.
Local reactions: hyperemia and dryness of the nasal mucosa, paresthesia and burning in the nose, a feeling of nasal congestion. Systemic reactions: headache, dizziness, myalgia, pharyngitis, drowsiness, cough, shortness of breath, nausea. Special instructions:
Shake the bottle well before use.
Can be used during lactation. If drowsiness occurs, you should not engage in potentially hazardous activities that require increased attention and speed of psychomotor reactions. Safety and effectiveness in older adults over 65 years of age have not been established. Do not use the solution if its color changes. Preparations containing the active substance Levocabastine:
Visin Allergy, Histimet, Reactin, Tizin Allergy

The information provided in this section is intended for medical and pharmaceutical professionals and should not be used for self-medication. The information is provided for informational purposes only and cannot be considered official.

Use during pregnancy

Treatment of allergic rhinitis in pregnant women has features that are primarily associated with a lack of information on the effect of drugs on the fetus11. There is also no data on the use of levocabastine nasal spray during pregnancy5. This means that the drug should not be used during pregnancy, except in certain cases determined by the attending physician5. If it is necessary to use the drug during lactation, the doctor may recommend stopping breastfeeding5.

Indications and contraindications

When choosing an operative procedure, it is important to base it not on the price of cauterization of the nasal mucosa, but on direct recommendations for the procedure and the competence of the operating specialist. The operation is preceded by a detailed examination of the patient to identify pathological changes that would make the operation impossible.

Indications for surgical intervention are the following:

• complicated rhinitis of allergic etiology;
• vasomotor rhinitis;
• proliferation of nasal mucous tissue;
• dependence on vasoconstrictor drops (medicinal rhinitis).

In terms of direct indications, the procedure has proven to be one of the most effective. Despite a number of advantages, there are contraindications with which the patient will not be allowed to undergo surgery. These include the following diseases and conditions:

• ARVI and other infectious diseases;
• blood clotting pathologies;
• menstruation period (in women);
• narrowness of the nasal passages;
• childhood.

If there are contraindications, specialists can offer alternative treatment methods.

Application, dosage regimen

Treatment should be prescribed by a doctor, taking into account the nature of the disease, the severity of symptoms, the age of the patient and his individual characteristics3

TIZIN® ALERGI is recommended to be used 2 times a day4,5. Before use, you should clean your nasal passages, then shake the bottle, inject 2 doses of the drug into each nostril and inhale through your nose5. The spray should be used until the symptoms disappear. If they are pronounced, you can increase the frequency of use to 3-4 times a day5.

According to the instructions, if you spray the spray at the recommended dose, it does not have a significant sedative effect, and the reaction rate does not decrease5.

What is radio wave surgery

Radio wave surgery is an operative procedure during which the mucous membrane is cauterized. It occurs under local, less commonly, general anesthesia, with direct indications for the procedure. During the surgical procedure, the doctor uses a high current heating device. Modern methods make it possible to use not only high-frequency current for cauterization, but also other methods.

Cauterization of the nasal membrane is not available to people with congenital anomalies of the nasal passages (narrowness) and children. This is due to the size of the device. Inserting the device into the nostril may result in a tight seal and a large burn.

Storage conditions and shelf life

At temperatures up to 250 C, TIZIN® ALERGI nasal spray can be stored for 2 years without opening the bottle. Do not use the drug after the expiration date5.

Mandatory condition: the medicine must be kept out of the reach of children5.

The information in this article is for reference only and does not replace professional advice from a doctor. To make a diagnosis and prescribe treatment, consult a qualified specialist.

to come back to the beginning

How does cauterization occur?

The classic operation usually follows the following algorithm:

1. The doctor performs anesthesia.

2. The electrode is placed into the nasal passage cold.

3. It is pressed tightly to the mucosal area and current is applied.

4. The heated device is moved forward, working through the mucous membrane (outwardly it resembles a furrow).

5. After treating the required area, the current supply is stopped, the cautery is removed without stopping the movement in a cold state.

The insertion of the device and the operation as a whole proceed under visual control and do not require additional control.

Literature

1. Belyaeva L. M., Mikulchik N. V., Panulina N. I. Allergic rhinitis in children: modern tactics of diagnosis, treatment and prevention // International Reviews: Clinical Practice and Health / No. 5. – 2013. – P.42-56.
2. Clinical recommendations. Allergic rhinitis // Russian Association of Allergists and Clinical Immunologists, National Medical Association of Otorhinolaryngologists, Union of Pediatricians of Russia - 2020
3. LEVOCABASTINE // VIDAL Directory of Medicines / Active Ingredients / https://www.vidal.ru/drugs/molecule/600
4. Emelyanov A.V. Clinical use of h1-antihistamines // Medical Council / No. 4. – 2016. – P. 74-81.
5. Instructions for use of the drug Tizin® Alergy // Reg. number P P N014198/02// GRLS of the Russian Federation. – URL: https://grls.rosminzdrav.ru/Grls_View_v2.aspx?routingGuid=a26487bc-3303-4ff3-a9f6-a7bab42cad6a&t= (date accessed 07/07/2010).
6. Michael A. Drouin, William H. Yang, Frederick Horak, Faster onset of action with topical levocabastine than with oral cetirizine // Mediators Inflamm / Volume 4. - No. 7. – 1995. – S5-S10. //DOI: 10.1155/S0962935195000779
7. BECLOMETASONE (BECLOMETASONE) // VIDAL Medicines Directory / Active ingredients / https://www.vidal.ru/drugs/molecule/97
8. PH van de Heyning, J van Haesendonck, W Creten, N Rombaut, Effect of topical levocabastine on allergic and non-allergic perennial rhinitis. A double-blind study, levocabastine vs. placebo, followed by an open, prospective, single-blind study on beclomethasone // Clinical Trial. Allergy/Jul 1988; 43(5):386-91./doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.1988.tb00433.x.
9. ML Pacor, D Biasi, T Maleknia, A Carletto, C Lunardi, Efficacy of levocabastine in perennial rhinitis // Clinical Trial. Clinica Terapeutica /1996 Jun;147(6):295-8 / PMID: 8925638
10. Balabolkin I.I. Hay fever in children and adolescents: modern aspects of pathogenesis and trends in therapy //Allergology and Immunology in Pediatrics/ No. 3(62). – 2022. – P. 6-14 / DOI: 10.24411/2500-1175-2020-10007
11. Vasilyeva A. A, Khakimova R. F. Tactics of management of patients with allergic rhinitis during pregnancy // Bulletin of modern clinical medicine / Volume 8. – Issue. 2. – 2015. – P. 82-88 / UDC 616.211-002-056.3:618.3-06
12. R Mösges, J Spaeth, L Klimek, Efficacy and tolerability of levocabastine and azelastine nasal sprays for the treatment of allergic rhinitis // Mediators Inflamm / 1995;4(7):S11-5 /doi: 10.1155/S0962935195000780

Recovery process

The rehabilitation process, as a rule, does not exceed 2 weeks. To accelerate the regeneration of mucosal tissues, it is recommended to use special ointments. You should also carefully remove the crusts that form during the healing process.

To prevent infection of the operated mucosa, the patient should use antiseptic rinsing solutions. Warming the nose, intense physical activity and strong nose blowing are prohibited.

Compliance with medical recommendations will reduce the duration of rehabilitation and minimize the discomfort that accompanies healing.