Pharmacological properties
Rinomaris is a drug for intranasal use.
Xylometazoline has an alpha-adrenomimetic effect: it causes a constriction of the blood vessels of the nasal mucosa, thus eliminating swelling and hyperemia of the nasopharyngeal mucosa. Facilitates nasal breathing during rhinitis. In therapeutic concentrations it does not irritate the mucous membranes and does not cause hyperemia. The effect occurs a few minutes after application and lasts for 12 hours.
Sterilized sea water, which is part of the drug Rinomaris, helps maintain the normal physiological state of the nasal mucosa, thins mucus and normalizes its production in the goblet cells of the nasal mucosa.
Trace elements improve the function of the ciliated epithelium, which reduces adverse local reactions such as irritation and/or dryness of the nasopharyngeal mucosa.
Release form and composition
Aviamarin is produced in the form of tablets: round, flat-cylindrical, with a dividing line and a chamfer, from almost white to white (5 or 10 pieces in blister packs; 1 or 2 packs in a cardboard pack).
1 tablet contains:
- active ingredient: dimenhydrinate – 50 mg;
- auxiliary ingredients: crospovidone, povidone, microcrystalline cellulose, mannitol, magnesium stearate, aerosil (colloidal silicon dioxide).
Side effects
- blood and lymphatic system: very rarely - agranulocytosis, hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia;
- immune system: rarely - anaphylactic shock;
- mental disorders: often – anxiety, mood lability, stiffness of movement; infrequently – insomnia;
- central nervous system: often – drowsiness; infrequently - imbalance, weakened concentration and memory impairment (more often in old age), tremors, uncoordinated movements, hallucinations, confusion; rarely – headache, dizziness, sleep disturbance, orthostatic hypotension; extremely rarely - paradoxical stimulation of the central nervous system, especially in children;
- organ of vision: rarely - vision problems (blurred vision, double image, mydriasis), glaucoma;
- organ of hearing and labyrinthine disorders: rarely – tinnitus;
- heart: rarely - tachycardia, rapid heartbeat, hypotension;
- respiratory system, chest organs and mediastinum: often - swelling of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity (nasal congestion);
- gastrointestinal tract: often - nausea, constipation, diarrhea, dry mouth, abdominal pain;
- hepatobiliary system: with unknown frequency - liver failure (cholestatic jaundice);
- skin and subcutaneous tissues: rarely - rashes, redness;
- genitourinary system: often - impaired urination (delay due to anticholinergic effects);
- general disorders: rarely - edema (less often - Quincke's edema).
The patient should notify the attending physician about the worsening of any of the above side effects or the occurrence of other reactions.
Aviamarin
Clinical-pharmacological group: Drug used for pathology of the vestibular apparatus Pharmaco-therapeutic group: H1-histamine receptor blocker
pharmachologic effect
Blocks histamine H1 receptors and m-cholinergic receptors of the central nervous system. It depresses the vestibular apparatus of the inner ear, acting primarily on the otoliths, and in high doses - on the semicircular canals. It has an antiemetic, anorexigenic, sedative effect, and eliminates dizziness.
Pharmacokinetics
Suction and distribution
After oral administration, dimenhydrinate is well absorbed and distributed throughout organs and tissues. The effect of the drug appears after 15-30 minutes and lasts for 3-6 hours. About 78% of dimenhydrinate binds to blood plasma proteins.
Metabolism and excretion
Dimenhydrinate is metabolized in the liver and is almost completely excreted in the urine within 24 hours. Small amounts are excreted in breast milk. T1/2 of dimenhydrinate is about 3.5 hours.
Indications for the drug Aviamarin®
motion sickness (sea, car and air sickness), prevention and treatment of symptoms of vestibular and labyrinthine disorders (dizziness, nausea, vomiting), with the exception of symptoms caused by antitumor therapy, Meniere's disease. ICD-10 codes
Dosage regimen
Inside, before meals.
Motion sickness (sea, car and air sickness)
Children aged 3 to 6 years: 1/4-1/2 tablets 2-3 times/day.
Children aged 7-12 years: 1/2-1 tablet 2-3 times/day.
Children over 12 years old and adults: 1-2 tablets. 2-3 times/day.
Prevention and treatment of symptoms of vestibular and labyrinthine disorders (dizziness, nausea, vomiting), with the exception of symptoms caused by antitumor therapy
Children aged 3 to 6 years: 1/4-1/2 tablets 2-3 times/day.
Children aged 7-12 years: 1/2-1 tablet 2-3 times/day.
Children over 12 years old and adults: 1-2 tablets. 2-3 times/day.
Meniere's disease
Children aged 3 to 12 years: 1/2-1 tablet 2-3 times/day.
Children over 12 years old and adults: 1-2 tablets. 2-3 times/day.
The maximum daily dose for adults should not exceed 7 tablets.
To prevent kinetosis, you should take 1-2 tablets 30 minutes before the trip.
The duration of use of the drug and the possibility of repeating the course of treatment are in consultation with the doctor.
Side effect
Determination of the categories of frequency of adverse reactions: very often (≥1/10), often (≥1/100 and <.1/10), infrequently (≥1/1000 and <.1/100), rarely (≥1/10,000 and <.1/1000) and very rarely (<.1/10,000), unspecified frequency.
From the blood and lymphatic system: very rarely - hemolytic anemia, agranulocytosis, neutropenia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia or pancytopenia.
From the immune system: rarely - anaphylactic shock.
Mental disorders: often - mood changes, anxiety, stiffness of movement, infrequently - insomnia.
From the nervous system: often - drowsiness, infrequently - impaired sense of balance, weakened concentration and memory impairment (more often in elderly patients), tremor, lack of coordination, confusion, hallucinations, rarely - headache, sleep disturbance, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, very rarely - paradoxical stimulation of the central nervous system (especially in children).
On the part of the organ of vision: rarely - glaucoma, vision problems (dilated pupil, blurred vision or double image).
From the organ of hearing and labyrinthine disorders: rarely - ringing in the ears.
From the heart: rarely - rapid heartbeat, tachycardia and hypotension.
From the respiratory system, chest and mediastinal organs: often - nasal congestion.
From the gastrointestinal tract: often - dry mouth, constipation, diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain.
From the liver and biliary tract: unspecified frequency - impaired liver function (cholestatic jaundice).
From the skin and subcutaneous tissues: rarely - rash, redness.
From the kidneys and urinary tract: often - urinary disturbances (urinary retention due to anticholinergic effects).
General disorders and disorders at the injection site: rarely - edema (less often - Quincke's edema).
If any of the side effects indicated in the instructions get worse, or the patient notices any other side effects not listed in the instructions, he should inform his doctor.
Contraindications for use
hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, epilepsy, acute exudative and vesicular dermatoses, children under 3 years of age, first trimester of pregnancy, breastfeeding period.
Carefully
Convulsive syndrome, angle-closure glaucoma, prostatic hyperplasia, bronchial asthma, cardiovascular diseases, hyperthyroidism, stenosing peptic ulcer, pyloroduodenal obstruction and bladder neck obstruction.
Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding
The use of the drug in the II-III trimesters of pregnancy is possible only if the expected benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus.
The use of the drug in the first trimester of pregnancy and during breastfeeding is contraindicated.
Breastfeeding should be stopped during treatment.
Use in children Contraindication: children under 3 years of age.
special instructions
Impact on the ability to drive vehicles and machinery
Considering the side effects of dimenhydrinate, caution should be exercised when engaging in potentially hazardous activities that require increased attention and speed of psychomotor reactions (including driving).
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose: dry mouth, nose and throat, redness of the face, slow and difficult breathing, confusion, in children - convulsions, hallucinations. If these symptoms appear, you should immediately consult a doctor.
Treatment: gastric lavage with a suspension of activated carbon (20-30 g), administration of a saline laxative (10-15 g of sodium sulfate), symptomatic therapy, for convulsions in children - phenobarbital (5-6 mg/kg), diazepam.
Drug interactions
Dimenhydrinate enhances the effects of atropine, tricyclic antidepressants, catecholamines, barbiturates, ethanol, sedatives and hypnotics, and neuroleptics.
Dimenhydrinate weakens the effect of corticosteroids and anticoagulants.
Dimenhydrinate reduces the response to apomorphine.
Dimenhydrinate reduces the depressive effect of acetylcholine on the heart muscle.
Combination with bismuth preparations, scopolamine, painkillers and psychotropic drugs increases the likelihood of visual impairment.
Incompatible with ototoxic antibiotics (streptomycin, neomycin, biomycin, amikacin, kanamycin), because Dimenhydrinate may mask symptoms of ototoxicity and contribute to the development of irreversible hearing loss.
Storage conditions for Aviamarin®
The drug should be stored out of the reach of children at a temperature not exceeding 25°C.
Shelf life of Aviamarin® Shelf life - 2 years. Do not use after the expiration date stated on the package.
Terms of sale The drug is available without a prescription. ,
Instructions for use of Aviamarin: method and dosage
Aviamarin tablets should be taken orally, immediately before meals.
Recommended single doses provided that tablets are taken 2-3 times a day:
- motion sickness (vehicle, sea and air); prevention and treatment of symptoms of vestibular and labyrinthine pathologies (nausea, vomiting, dizziness), except those caused by antitumor therapy: children 3–6 years old – 0.25–0.5 pcs.; children 7–12 years old – 0.5–1 pcs.; children over 12 years old and adults – 1–2 pcs.;
- Meniere's disease: children 3–12 years old – 0.5–1 pcs.; children over 12 years old and adults – 1–2 pcs.
For adult patients, the maximum daily dose is 7 pcs.
When preventing kinetosis, take 1–2 pcs. 0.5 hours before the trip.
The duration of use and the possibility of repeating the course should be agreed with your doctor.
Overdose
Symptoms of a dimenhydrinate overdose include dry mouth, nose and throat, flushing of the face, confusion, difficulty and slow breathing; Children may experience hallucinations and seizures. The appearance of these symptoms requires immediate consultation with a doctor.
It is recommended to rinse the stomach with a suspension of activated carbon (20–30 g), use a saline laxative (10–15 g of sodium sulfate), and, if necessary, carry out symptomatic therapy. In children, phenobarbital (5–6 mg/kg) and diazepam are prescribed for seizures.
Drug interactions
- atropine, tricyclic antidepressants, catecholamines, barbiturates, ethanol, sedatives and hypnotics, neuroleptics: dimenhydrinate potentiates their effect;
- corticosteroids, anticoagulants: dimenhydrinate inhibits their effect;
- apomorphine: dimenhydrinate reduces the body's response to it;
- acetylcholine: its depressive effect on the myocardium is reduced;
- bismuth, scopolamine, painkillers and psychotropic drugs: the likelihood of vision impairment increases;
- ototoxic antibiotics (neomycin, streptomycin, biomycin, kanamycin, amikacin): incompatible with dimenhydrinate, since it can mask the symptoms of ototoxicity, contributing to the development of irreversible hearing loss.
Contraindications
Absolute:
- acute exudative/vesicular dermatoses;
- epilepsy;
- age under 3 years;
- first trimester of pregnancy and lactation period;
- individual hypersensitivity to any components of the drug.
According to the instructions, Aviamarin should be taken with caution (relative contraindications):
- with convulsive syndrome;
- with angle-closure glaucoma;
- with prostatic hyperplasia;
- for bronchial asthma;
- for cardiovascular diseases;
- with hyperthyroidism;
- with stenosing peptic ulcer;
- with pyloroduodenal obstruction;
- with obstruction of the bladder neck.
