Calcium phosphate - main characteristics, properties and applications

Calcium hydrogen phosphate

(disubstituted calcium phosphate) is an acid salt of calcium and orthophosphoric acid with the formula CaHPO4. Forms crystalline hydrate.

Chemical properties

An inorganic compound, a salt formed by Ca and phosphoric acid. Formula of Calcium Phosphate: Ca3(PO4)2. Usually it is a colorless fine crystalline powder that is poorly soluble in water. When exposed to acids, the substance is converted to hydrogen phosphate . Molar mass of compound = 310.2 grams per mole.

Obtaining Calcium Phosphate. The product is widely distributed in the form of minerals in nature, found in phosphorite, hydroxyapatite and apatite. Contained in large quantities, it literally forms the basis of teeth and bones in vertebrates. From a school chemistry course, you can recall the reaction of the formation of Calcium Phosphate from sodium phosphate and Ca chloride . As a result of the metabolic reaction, the necessary substance precipitates.

The product is used as the main source of calcium for feeding birds and livestock; added to phosphate rock to fertilize acidic soil; used in the production of abrasives, ceramics and glass; used in the food industry; used in medicine.

Application

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Used for feeding livestock and as a phosphate fertilizer. Also involved in the process of milk ripening during cheese production.

Indications for use

It is recommended to take medications containing this substance:

• during periods of intensive growth and development of the skeleton in childhood;
• to protect and strengthen bones and teeth;
• patients who cannot tolerate milk and dairy products;
• during the treatment of osteoporosis , osteomyelitis , rickets , caries , periodontitis , bursitis , dislocations and bone fractures.

Literature

• Ripan R., Ceteanu I.
  Inorganic chemistry. Chemistry of metals. - M.: Mir, 1971. - T. 1. - 561 p.
• Chemical Encyclopedia / Editorial Board: Knunyants I.L. and others. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1990. - T. 2. - 671 p. — ISBN 5-82270-035-5.
• Chemist's Handbook / Editorial Board: Nikolsky B.P. and others. - 3rd ed., rev. - L.: Chemistry, 1971. - T. 2. - 1168 p.

Drugs containing (Analogs)

Level 4 ATC code matches: Calcium gluconate
Calcium Sandoz Forte

Calcium glycerophosphate

Trade name of the medicine: Calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate . The chemical compound is part of the following vitamin and mineral complexes: Vitatress , Rost-Norma , Complivit , Osteoton , Glutamevit , Kaltsinova , Oligovit , Elevit Pronatal , Stop Osteoporosis , Supradin .

An excerpt characterizing calcium hydrogen phosphate

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Role in the human body

Calcium phosphate has a wide range of uses. Its special variety is hydroxyapatite. This compound is part of human bones and is a building material for them. The mineral is also present in tooth enamel in the form of fluorapatite. The need for phosphorus is small and amounts to 800−1500 mg. The absorption of a compound based on this mineral is regulated by the liver. This process is also influenced by vitamin D and hormones produced by the body.

Calcium phosphate is capable of reacting with food. In combination with other minerals it is capable of:

Phosphates are excreted in biological secretions in an amount of 4 grams. This happens every day. Obtaining calcium phosphate is possible in the laboratory. It is part of phosphorite. This substance originates in the earth's crust. There are natural sources for extracting the compound that serves as the basis for calcium phosphate using laboratory methods.

Calcium orthophosphate is produced by the reaction of orthophosphoric acid and calcium hydroxide. Subsequently, a series of processes are carried out, including filtration, subsequent drying and grinding. The molecular (structural) formula of calcium phosphate is designated as follows: Ca3 (PO4)2.

Other phosphate compounds

In addition to calcium, there are formulas with aluminum, barium, iron, and sodium. Aluminum phosphate is a salt with a solid structure and a white tint. It is insoluble in water and is obtained by combining phosphoric acid and sodium aluminate. As a result, the desired salt is formed, as well as water and sodium hydroxide. In addition, there is a method in which aluminum sulfate and aluminum phosphate are mixed and then heated. The resulting material is used for the production of antacid drugs.

Barium phosphate has an amorphous form and is a white powder . It dissolves poorly in water, but by adding ammonium chloride, as well as any acid, it is possible to increase its solubility. To obtain such a compound, it is enough to add dihydrogen phosphate of this substance to barium hydroxide. There are other methods that have become more or less widespread in production. Barium phosphate is used to make special glass for measuring radiation levels. It also provides the basis for the production of phosphors.

Iron phosphate has the form of yellow crystals that do not dissolve in water. It is obtained by mixing sodium acetate with hydrogen phosphate of this mineral and an iron salt. The finished compound can be used to create drugs to combat molluscs, as well as homeopathic remedies used by people.

Sodium phosphate is presented in the form of white crystals that are hygroscopic. They dissolve perfectly in any liquid. To obtain this substance, reactions between sodium carbonate and phosphoric acid are carried out. This releases some carbon dioxide. Sodium phosphate is included in the E339 additive. When interacting with baking soda, it forms a leavening agent.

Calcium phosphate is widely used in the production of food additives. It is used to improve the characteristics of the test. The resulting composition is also suitable as a component of condensed milk and processed cheeses. It is also used as an emulsifier for sausage.

Key sources

Dairy products are unusually rich in calcium phosphate. It is also present in large quantities in the following products:

Salt is present in large quantities in goat milk. The compound is presented in the form of micelles. These are special particles whose core is reduced in size and is insoluble. It is surrounded by adsorbing ions and solvent molecules. Salt is a component of calcium caseinate, a component of milk that belongs to the group of phosphoproteins.

Despite such obvious benefits, experts recommend not allowing excess calcium phosphate in the daily menu. You should not take special supplements or fortified foods without a doctor’s prescription.

The ban is especially relevant for people with kidney stones and pathologies of the parathyroid glands. The same can be said for people being treated with tetracycline antibiotics.