Metabolic diseases, causes and clinical manifestations

A person feels good when all vital processes in the body proceed uninterruptedly. With any slightest malfunction, various diseases can appear. When lipid metabolism changes, excess weight appears or, on the contrary, sudden weight loss. That is why it is important to maintain normal metabolism in the body.

What is metabolism

Metabolism is a set of chemical reactions in the human body that break down food and convert it into energy. Special enzymes take part in metabolism, which speed up the process of digesting food and absorbing nutrients.

There are 3 types of metabolic disorders that can occur in the body:

• Protein metabolism disorder. A person constantly feels hungry, is in an irritated and restless state, and becomes depressed. In this case, a protein diet will help.
• Disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism. A person cannot live a day without coffee, is indifferent to sweets, and has no appetite. The opposite picture may be observed - a person constantly eats sweets, snacks on sweets and cakes. A carbohydrate diet under the supervision of a specialist is necessary.
• Combined. With such a metabolism, a person constantly feels weak, drowsy, anxious, cannot live without sweets and is prone to obesity.

Fast and slow metabolism

The metabolic situation described above is ideal. In life, sometimes everything seems to be the other way around: the more a person eats and moves less, the less he wants to move and eat more. And someone is thin, eats very little and cannot eat anymore.

To understand about fast and slow metabolism, you need to know this. The human nervous system consists of two sections. The first is the central nervous system. It consists of the brain and spinal cord. The second is the autonomic nervous system. This is the main regulator of metabolism. It controls the functioning of the glands, organs, digestion, manages the nutrients supplied by food, and does other things important for life.

The autonomic nervous system has two branches: sympathetic and parasympathetic.

• the sympathetic nervous system is activated during times of mental or physical stress, and in the wild - during flight, defense or attack. It “accelerates” metabolism and is responsible for the mobilization of energy from reserves and its use. It controls the functioning of the muscles, heart, thyroid gland, reproductive system, and stimulates the release of adrenaline.

• The parasympathetic nervous system restores the body after stress. It “slows down” metabolism, stimulates digestion, accelerates the absorption of nutrients and their storage. It also controls the immune system.

Depending on the situation - stress or recovery - any person turns on either one or the other branch. But for some people, each may dominate most of the time. This determines the metabolic rate.

It is important to understand: when talking about fast and slow metabolism, we are not talking about metabolic diseases that need to be treated by a doctor. Everything else is within the normal range of a healthy person, but with deviations in one direction or the other.

Fast metabolism

People with a dominant sympathetic nervous system are the lucky ones for those who spend their entire lives trying to lose weight. They are slim and have no problems with being overweight.

These are usually lively, active, emotional people, with fast, sudden movements. Their pulse is more frequent, and their blood pressure is increased. Their thyroid glands are more active. They are always a little nervous, excited about life and spend a lot of energy during the day. They don't get fat, but they also have difficulty gaining muscle.

Slow metabolism

People with a dominant parasympathetic nervous system gain weight easily but have difficulty losing weight. These are sedentary, calm, relaxed, and in extreme cases - apathetic, lethargic people. They quickly absorb nutrients, which, coupled with a very good appetite, creates problems with excess weight.

In response to excess food, the hypothalamus may not reduce appetite in the following days, as it might in an ideal situation. One of the metabolic problems is poor sensitivity of the brain to leptin.

Leptin is a hormone produced by adipose tissue. With its help, the hypothalamus sees the amount of stored energy (fat) in the body. Lots of fat = lots of leptin. The hypothalamus reduces appetite and increases activity, because there is no need to be afraid of starvation. Low fat = low leptin, which means there is little energy, appetite needs to be increased, and the desire to move needs to be reduced.

But sometimes the hypothalamus does not see leptin, even if there is a lot of it and fat. This means constant hunger and decreased activity. A person begins to eat more and more over time.

Sometimes poor leptin sensitivity is acquired, due to poor lifestyle and excess weight. And sometimes it is genetic, when a mutation in the structure of the hormone itself or in the receptors of the hypothalamus prevents the signal from being received correctly.

If a person with a slow metabolism suddenly decides to go on a starvation diet, great suffering awaits him: his appetite becomes simply brutal. Begins to crave everything fatty, sweet or salty. Activity drops very significantly and puts him in amoeba mode with constant thoughts about food, bad mood, lack of strength and libido. The function of the thyroid gland worsens even more.

Added to this is the low sensitivity of muscle cells to insulin, which makes fat storage easier.

From an evolutionary point of view, those who survived were those who could store more fat to survive famine, long winters and pass on their genes to their offspring. Now this is no longer an evolutionary advantage, but many of us carry these genes and struggle with excess weight throughout our lives.

Causes of metabolic disorders

When metabolism is disrupted, all types of material metabolism occur incorrectly in the body. This leads to various diseases that require timely treatment.

Causes of metabolic disorders include:

• hereditary predisposition;
• hormonal disbalance;
• frequent consumption of alcohol, smoking;
• disruption of the adrenal glands;
• poor nutrition;
• negative impact of the environment;
• lack of micro- and macronutrients in the body.

Treatment with folk remedies

It is recommended to discuss the use of recipes from witch doctors and healers with your doctor to prevent possible side effects. Many components can provoke an allergic reaction or worsen health conditions. There are also certain contraindications that you should pay attention to before starting treatment with folk remedies.

Effective alternative medicine recipes:

To restore the metabolic process, it is also recommended to consume dandelion leaves in a salad or juice obtained from them. The leaves of this plant can also be brewed and drunk instead of tea.

Symptoms of Improper Metabolism

Metabolic disorders in the body can be determined by the following symptoms:

• increased appetite or lack thereof;
• sudden weight loss or weight gain with normal diet;
• the appearance of pigment spots;
• destruction of tooth enamel;
• skin rash;
• constipation and diarrhea;
• deterioration of hair, nails, premature graying;
• swelling of the lower extremities;
• irritability, frequent stress;
• indifference and apathy to what is happening;
• bad condition.

Metabolic disorders can lead to the following diseases and problems:

• gout;
• diabetes;
• increased blood cholesterol levels;
• coronary heart disease;
• dermatological diseases;
• anorexia;
• problems with the gastrointestinal tract.

Change in metabolic rate

Before this, we were talking about things that were partly genetic. But man is not a closed system. We are greatly influenced by the environment. A hundred years ago, metabolism was less dependent on it. But today we have an abundance of food - fatty, sweet, high-calorie, always available. We move less - we have cars, subways, planes, and all kinds of technology make life easier.

A sedentary lifestyle, poor nutrition, stress, lack of sleep - all this disrupts the weight self-regulation system and disrupts eating behavior. The hypothalamus ceases to correctly perceive the body's signals, the muscles lose sensitivity to insulin. In the worst scenario, metabolic syndrome develops - type 2 diabetes, hypertension and atherosclerosis, which often go together and reinforce each other.

And if it’s difficult to fight genetics, a lot can be done with lifestyle. Even the most genetically hopeless person is capable of great change.

"Acceleration" of metabolism

It is not correct to talk about “accelerating” metabolism. Instead, you need to think about how to return it to normal. Severely accelerated metabolism is a serious disease (for example, Basedow's disease).

What reduces metabolism? Sedentary lifestyle, lack of strength training, lack of muscles, addiction to sugar and saturated fats, eating disorders. And this is “treated” by changing your lifestyle.

You'll lose weight, restore your cells' sensitivity to insulin through diet and strength training, and your metabolism will return to as normal as possible. You will learn to eat when you are hungry and not eat when you are full, stop bombarding your brain with endorphins from high-calorie foods, and improve your sensitivity to leptin.

But it’s not the other way around: first “accelerate” the metabolism, and then lose weight at these speeds. There is absolutely no point in speeding up your metabolism to lose weight. It returns to its normal state during the weight loss process.

How to restore nutrient metabolism

The main thing is to promptly identify metabolic disorders and normalize them in order to prevent diseases. This can be corrected with the help of medications under the strict supervision of a doctor. You can also do this yourself (adjusting your diet, giving up bad habits, playing sports, taking vitamins).

Medications

Typically, doctors and nutritionists prescribe the following medications:

Reduxin. Helps get rid of excess weight by suppressing food cravings. Taken orally once a day. Has many adverse reactions.

Lecithin. Stabilizes the breakdown of fats into amino acids.

Glucophage. Improves the functioning of the pancreas, accelerates metabolism, and normalizes the functioning of the stomach. Side effects are extremely rare.

Supradin.

Before taking it, you should familiarize yourself with the contraindications.

Vitamin supplements

Only a nutritionist can determine the necessary vitamins after determining the diagnosis. Usually prescribed:

• fish oil – lowers the amount of cholesterol in the blood, has a positive effect on blood vessels;
• vitamins – improve all types of metabolism;
• iodine – normalizes thyroid function;
• chromium – improves stomach function, helps maintain blood sugar at the desired level;
• vitamin and mineral supplements – normalize metabolism;
• probiotics – remove toxic substances from the body.

Diet

You should not limit yourself to taking medications and vitamins. To normalize metabolism, it is important to maintain proper nutrition. It is worth giving up junk food (highly fried or salty), eating less sweets and giving up alcoholic beverages. Doctors advise drinking a glass of drinking water with lemon juice in the morning on an empty stomach.

Your daily diet should include vegetables, fruits, milk, fish, chicken, and eggs. All food should be divided into 4-5 meals a day. Do not forget that you need to drink 2 liters of water per day. Dishes can be seasoned with pepper, garlic and other spices. By following these rules, you can maintain your weight at the desired level and normalize your metabolism.

Physical exercise

If you lead a sedentary lifestyle, you will not be able to normalize your metabolism using the methods described above. Experts advise doing physical exercises and useful procedures every day:

• running, brisk walking, swimming, cycling. You can sign up for a gym. Any physical activity that is performed regularly will be beneficial;
• cold and hot shower;
• massage for preventive purposes;
• push-ups, squats. These exercises will help strengthen your muscles and can be done independently at home;
• long walks in the fresh air.

Mineral metabolism disorders

Minerals are necessary in the human body, as they participate in the processes of tissue construction, and are also part of enzymes, pigments, hormones and protein complexes. Without them, most metabolic processes in the body are impossible, since minerals are their catalysts. They also maintain normal acid-base balance. Minerals ensure the normal functioning of the body, and their deviation from the norm is a serious problem.

According to the results of international medical research, it was found that, to a greater or lesser extent, about 80% of the world's population suffers from impaired mineral metabolism in the body. Against the background of this disorder, the quality of life is significantly reduced and general well-being worsens.

When does the violation occur?

Several factors can lead to disruption of mineral metabolism in the body:

• frequent stressful situations;
• insufficient exposure to fresh air;
• excessively high rhythm of life - observed in a metropolis;
• unfavorable environmental factors;
• smoking;
• alcohol abuse;
• poor nutrition;
• diets;
• increased nervousness.

Under the influence of these factors, a serious disruption of metabolic processes in the body occurs, including mineral balance, and the accumulation of toxins, which leads to uncontrolled intoxication. As a result, a person begins to develop various disorders in the functioning of systems and organs. Many doctors believe that improper mineral metabolism in the body causes such serious pathologies as mental illness and cancer.

Disorders of mineral metabolism are especially difficult to tolerate in childhood and adolescence, during pregnancy and breastfeeding, as well as during the recovery period after illness.

What problems does impaired mineral metabolism lead to?

Against the background of impaired mineral metabolism, various pathological conditions arise in the human body. Most often, this violation leads to the following consequences:

• baldness;
• acne;
• insomnia;
• exercise intolerance;
• intolerance to emotional stress;
• drop in visual acuity;
• decline in immunity;
• disturbances in the functioning of the thyroid gland, leading to a deficiency of its hormones;
• heart pathologies;
• vascular pathologies;
• chronic pulmonary diseases;
• skin diseases;
• frequent allergic reactions, even to something that did not cause them recently;
• digestive disorders;
• gaining excess weight;
• formation of kidney stones;
• formation of gallstones;
• rheumatic diseases;
• diseases of bones and joints;
• deterioration of hair condition;
• deterioration of nail condition;
• diabetes;
• sexual dysfunctions;
• decline in sexual desire.

The sooner mineral metabolism disorders are eliminated, the lower the risk of developing dangerous pathologies due to a deficiency or excess of minerals.

Calcium metabolism disorders

Calcium metabolism disorders are the most common. This pathology is called calcinosis. With it, calcium salts from a dissolved state begin to precipitate in the intercellular space and the cells themselves. The phenomenon can be both systemic and local. If salts accumulate in the tissues of the joint, then it gradually changes and a lump is formed, which is clearly visible visually. This phenomenon is most often observed in people over 30 years of age against the background of a general change in metabolic processes in the body.

The pathology requires medical intervention, since in severe cases there may be a life-threatening disruption in the functioning of internal organs, especially the kidneys.

Potassium metabolism disorders

An excess of potassium in the body is caused by disturbances in the functioning of the adrenal glands. Pathology occurs mainly with Addison's disease. It can also be observed in a number of adenomas.

Potassium deficiency is an inherited problem. If there is a violation, attacks of weakness are observed, during which motor paralysis is formed.

If the mineral balance in the body is adjusted in a timely manner, violations do not lead to dangerous consequences.

Silicon

Silicon (Si) is one of the most important elements that make up the body. Without silicon, 74 out of 104 elements cannot be absorbed! Silicon is an element that determines the properties of flexible structures: connective tissue, tendons of the walls of blood vessels and the gastrointestinal tract, endocrine glands, cartilage, synovial fluid of joints, valves of the cardiovascular system.

According to numerous studies, the loss of silicon during illness is always higher than that of all other elements. With a lack of silicon in the body, a person develops pathological conditions such as atherosclerosis, baldness, trophic ulcers, skin diseases, wound healing problems, problems fighting microorganisms due to decreased immune defense, cancer, osteoporosis, diseases of the joints and spine, diabetes mellitus and a lot others.

Deficiency is felt quite often. Unfortunately, silicon is displaced from chlorinated water. The content in canned foods and foods with food enhancers is negligible. Excessive consumption of carbohydrates interferes with the absorption of silicon; these are foods high in simple carbohydrates (sugar, flour and all products made from them). It is no secret that about 70 types of genetically modified raw materials are supplied to Russia. And these are hundreds of names of confectionery, bakery products, and drinks.

As we said above, intoxication and disruption of the acid-base balance lead to a violation of the mineral balance. Thus, we prove that everything in our body is interconnected. To identify the cause of the disease, tests must be performed. We identify problems in the body using modern methods.

To sign up for a study, call us. Call center specialists will make an appointment with a doctor.