"Novobismol": description, pharmacodynamics
The drug has an antibacterial effect, therefore it is used to treat ulcerative formations of the digestive system. Available in the form of white, cream-colored tablets. The active ingredient is the organic complex of tripotassium bismuth dicitrate. The composition also includes additional components - magnesium in the form of sterate, corn starch, potassium in the form of polyacrylate and povidone.
The drug is used as an antiulcer medicine with a pronounced astringent effect. In the acidic environment that is present in the stomach, it forms a protective film on erosive and ulcerative formations. Due to this, mucus synthesis increases and protective cellular mechanisms are activated. Therefore, the stomach tissues are better restored, and ulcers stop developing. The product also reduces the effect of the enzymes pepsin and its precursor pepsinogen.
The product remains completely in the stomach and intestines and practically does not enter the bloodstream. A small part of bismuth passes through the intestinal walls and is then completely excreted in the urine.
Novobismol tablets should be stored in normal room conditions at a temperature of no more than 25 degrees Celsius. Avoid exposure to sunlight and keep away from children. The shelf life of the drug is 4 years from the date of production. After this time, the tablets cannot be taken.
Instructions
Registration number: Trade name of the drug: Escape® International nonproprietary name or generic name : bismuth tripotassium dicitrate Dosage form: film-coated tablets
Composition per tablet:
Active substance: bismuth tripotassium dicitrate – 300.00 mg, in terms of bismuth oxide – 120.00 mg. Excipients: corn starch - 54.22 mg, povidone (medium molecular weight polyvinylpyrrolidone, povidone K 25) - 42.00 mg, polacrilin (potassium polacrilin) - 20.00 mg, magnesium stearate - 3.78 mg. Shell: AquaPolish® P white 019.49 MS [Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (E 464) – 7.80 mg; hydroxypropylcellulose (E 463) – 1.30 mg; stearic acid (E 570) – 0.91 mg; talc (E 553b) – 1.30 mg; polyethylene glycol – 0.39 mg; titanium dioxide (E171) – 1.30 mg] – 13.00 mg.
Description
Round, biconvex, film-coated tablets of white or almost white color, with a faint odor of ammonia, white or almost white on the break. Pharmacotherapeutic group: Antiulcer, antiseptic intestinal and astringent. ATX code: [A02ВХ05]
Pharmacological properties
Pharmacodynamics
Gastroprotective and antiulcer agent with bactericidal activity against Helicobacter pylori. It also has anti-inflammatory and astringent effects.
In the acidic environment of the stomach, insoluble bismuth oxychloride and citrate are precipitated, and chelate compounds are formed with the protein substrate in the form of a protective film on the surface of ulcers and erosions. Thus, the drug forms a protective layer, which for a long period of time protects the affected areas of the mucous membrane from the influence of aggressive factors. By increasing the synthesis of prostaglandin E, mucus formation and bicarbonate secretion, it stimulates the activity of cytoprotective mechanisms, increases the resistance of the gastrointestinal mucosa to the effects of pepsin, hydrochloric acid, enzymes and bile salts. Leads to the accumulation of epidermal growth factor in the defect area. Reduces the activity of pepsin and pepsinogen.
Pharmacokinetics
Practically not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. It is excreted mainly in feces. A small amount of bismuth entering the plasma is excreted from the body by the kidneys.
Indications for use
- functional dyspepsia not associated with organic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
- chronic gastritis and gastroduodenitis in the acute phase, including those associated with Helicobacter pylori;
- peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum in the acute phase, including those associated with Helicobacter pylori;
- irritable bowel syndrome, which occurs predominantly with symptoms of diarrhea.
Contraindications
- increased individual sensitivity to the components of the drug;
- pregnancy;
- breastfeeding period;
- taking medications containing bismuth;
- chronic renal failure;
- children under 4 years of age.
Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding
Bismuth tripotassium dicitrate is contraindicated for use in pregnant women. If it is necessary to use the drug during lactation, breastfeeding should be stopped.
Directions for use and doses
Inside. The duration of the course of treatment and the dose of the drug are determined by the attending physician individually for each patient, depending on the nature of the disease.
For adults and children over 12 years of age, the drug is prescribed 1 tablet 4 times a day, 30 minutes before meals (breakfast, lunch, dinner) and at night, or 2 tablets 2 times a day 30 minutes before meals (breakfast, dinner).
Children aged 8 to 12 years are prescribed 1 tablet 2 times a day 30 minutes before meals (breakfast, dinner).
Children aged 4 to 8 years are prescribed a dose of 8 mg/kg/day; Depending on the child’s body weight, 1-2 tablets are prescribed per day (respectively, in 1-2 doses per day). In this case, the daily dose should be as close as possible to the calculated dose (8 mg/kg/day).
The tablets are taken 30 minutes before meals with a small amount of water.
It is recommended to swallow the tablet whole, without chewing or crushing, with a sufficient amount of water. It is not recommended to take the tablets with milk. The duration of treatment is usually from 4 to 8 weeks. After finishing taking the drug, it is not recommended to take medications containing bismuth (for example, Vikalin, Vikair) for 2 months.
To eradicate Helicobacter pylori, it is advisable to use Bismuth tripotassium dicitrate in combination with antibacterial drugs that have anti-Helicobacter activity.
Side effects
The following adverse events noted with the use of bismuth tripotassium dicitrate are distributed according to the frequency of occurrence in accordance with the following gradation: very often (≥ 1/10); often (≥ 1/100, < 1/10); uncommon (≥ 1/1000, < 1/100); rare (≥ 1/10,000, < 1/1,000); very rare (<1/10,000).
From the gastrointestinal tract: very often - black stool; uncommon – nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation.
Allergic reactions: infrequently - skin rash, itching; very rarely - anaphylactic reactions.
From the nervous system: very rarely - with prolonged use in high doses
- encephalopathy associated with the accumulation of bismuth in the central nervous system.
Side effects are reversible and disappear quickly after discontinuation of the drug.
Overdose
When using the drug in doses tens of times higher than recommended, or with prolonged use of excessive doses of the drug, bismuth poisoning may develop.
Symptoms: dyspepsia, rash, inflammation of the oral mucosa, characteristic darkening in the form of blue lines on the gums; with long-term use in doses exceeding the recommended ones, renal function may be impaired.
These symptoms are completely reversible when the drug is discontinued.
Treatment: there is no specific antidote. In case of an overdose of the drug, gastric lavage, intake of enterosorbents and symptomatic therapy aimed at maintaining kidney function are indicated. In case of overdose, the administration of saline laxatives is also indicated. Further treatment should be symptomatic. In case of impaired renal function, accompanied by a high level of bismuth in the blood plasma, complexing agents – dimercaptosuccinic and dimercaptopropanesulfonic acids – can be administered. With the development of severe renal dysfunction, hemodialysis is indicated.
Interaction with other drugs
For half an hour before and half an hour after taking the drug, it is not recommended to take other medications internally, as well as take food and liquids, in particular antacids, milk, fruits and fruit juices. This is due to the fact that when taken orally simultaneously, they can affect the effectiveness of bismuth tripotassium dicitrate.
The drug reduces the absorption of tetracyclines.
The drug is not used simultaneously with other drugs containing bismuth, since the simultaneous use of several bismuth drugs increases the risk of side effects, including the risk of encephalopathy.
special instructions
The drug should not be used for more than 8 weeks. It is not recommended to exceed the established daily doses for adults and children during treatment. During treatment with the drug, you should not use other drugs containing bismuth (see section “Interaction with other drugs”). At the end of a course of treatment with the drug in recommended doses, the concentration of the active substance in the blood plasma does not exceed 3 - 58 mcg/l, and intoxication is observed only at concentrations above 100 mcg/l.
When using bismuth tripotassium dicitrate, stool may turn dark due to the formation of bismuth sulfide.
Sometimes there is a slight darkening of the tongue. Alcohol consumption is not recommended during therapy.
Effect on the ability to drive vehicles and machines There is no data on the effect of Escape® film-coated tablets on the ability to drive vehicles and machines.
Release form
Film-coated tablets, 120 mg.
10 or 14 tablets in a blister pack made of polyvinyl chloride film and printed varnished aluminum foil.
4 or 8 blister packs along with instructions for use are placed in a cardboard pack.
Storage conditions
Store at a temperature not exceeding 25 °C. Keep out of the reach of children.
Best before date
3 years. Do not use after the expiration date stated on the packaging.
Vacation conditions
Over the counter.
Marketing authorization holder/organization receiving consumer complaints
PJSC OTCPharm, Russia, 123317, Moscow, st. Testovskaya, 10 Tel.: +7 (800) 775-98-19 Fax www.otcpharm.ru
, 305022, Russia, Kursk, st. 2nd Aggregatnaya, 1a/18, tel./fax www.pharmstd.ru
Indications and contraindications
The drug is indicated for use in the following cases:
- ulcers in the stomach and duodenum at the acute stage;
- chronic gastritis;
- gastroduodenitis in an acute form;
- functional dyspepsia (not due to organic diseases of the digestive system);
- irritable bowel syndrome.
In some cases, tablets cannot be used:
- all trimesters of pregnancy;
- children up to 4 years old inclusive;
- feeding period;
- individual intolerance to any component of the drug;
- severe kidney disorders.
Instructions for use "Novobismol"
Tablets are used by adults and children over 12 years old, 1 tablet three times a day, half an hour before meals. You can also take 2 tablets a day, also half an hour before meals.
For children aged 8-12 years, the dosage is different - 1 tablet twice a day, half an hour before meals. If the drug is indicated for children 4-8 years old, then the daily dosage is calculated based on the ratio of 8 mg per 1 kg of weight. This amount is divided into 2 equal parts and also taken half an hour before meals.
The course lasts from 4 to 8 weeks. However, over the next 2 months it is not recommended to use medications that also contain bismuth.
Instructions for use ESCAPELLE®
This drug is intended solely for emergency contraception and does not replace regular hormonal contraception. Repeated use of Escapelle® during one menstrual cycle is not recommended.
Emergency contraception does not prevent pregnancy in all cases.
If the time of sexual intercourse is unknown or more than 72 hours have passed since unprotected sexual intercourse, pregnancy may occur. In this regard, the use of Escapelle® after the second sexual intercourse may be ineffective. If menstruation is delayed by more than 5 days, if there is a change in the nature of menstruation that occurred on time, or if pregnancy is suspected for any other reason, pregnancy should be excluded. If pregnancy occurs after using Escapelle®, you should be aware of the possibility of ectopic pregnancy.
The absolute risk of ectopic pregnancy appears to be low because levonorgestrel prevents ovulation and fertilization. Ectopic pregnancy can develop despite the appearance of uterine bleeding. In this regard, levonorgestrel is not recommended for use in the presence of risk factors for ectopic pregnancy (salpingitis or a history of ectopic pregnancy).
Escapelle® is not recommended for use in patients with severe liver failure.
In case of severe intestinal absorption disorders (for example, Crohn's disease), the effectiveness of Escapelle® may be reduced.
After taking Escapel®, normal menstruation usually occurs at the expected time. Sometimes your period may start a few days earlier or later than expected. It is recommended to consult a doctor to select or adjust regular contraception. If Escapel® was used against the background of regular hormonal contraception, and menstruation does not occur during the subsequent 7-day break in taking the contraceptive, pregnancy must be excluded.
Repeated use of the drug during the same menstrual cycle is not recommended due to the possibility of its disruption.
There is limited evidence that requires further confirmation that the contraceptive effectiveness of Escapelle may decrease with increasing body weight or BMI. All women, regardless of their weight and BMI, should take emergency contraception as soon as possible after unprotected intercourse.
The drug contains lactose monohydrate (142.5 mg). Patients with congenital galactose or lactose intolerance or glucose-galactose malabsorption syndrome are not recommended to take the drug.
Escapelle® is not effective as regular contraception and can only be used as an emergency contraceptive. Women who regularly use emergency contraception should consult their doctor to select a method of permanent contraception.
The use of emergency contraception does not eliminate the need to protect against sexually transmitted diseases.
Impact on the ability to drive vehicles and operate machinery
Studies have not been conducted to identify the possible effect of the drug on the ability to drive a car and operate machinery.
Preclinical safety data
In animal experiments, virilization of female fetuses was observed when high doses of levonorgestrel were used.
Preclinical studies have not identified any specific potential harm to humans other than those presented elsewhere in the product summary.
special instructions
The drug can be used during lactation, but in this case it is necessary to stop feeding for the duration of the entire therapy. The general course of therapy should last no more than 8 weeks in a row. It is necessary to carefully follow the dosage according to the instructions. During treatment, you should avoid taking other medications that contain bismuth compounds.
When taking tablets, stool may turn a darker color. In rare cases, the surface of the tongue darkens slightly, which is also normal and does not require additional treatment.
Novobismol does not affect the level of attention, so it can be used while driving a car, as well as by an operator of moving mechanisms.
Dictionary of youth slang - escape
How many different interesting words can be found on the Internet, many of which are not understandable to the average user. As a result, people begin to leaf through dictionaries in the hope of finding the specific meaning and meaning of certain concepts and terms. In order to help you navigate this ocean of information, we have created the website terminy.info, where you will find many explanations of interesting words and abbreviations. Be sure to add our website, which is useful from all sides, to your bookmarks so that you can stop by and visit us from time to time. Today we will talk about a rather ambiguous word, this is Escape
, which means you can read a little lower. However, before I continue, I would like to advise you to read a couple more sensible publications on the topic of Internet slang. For example, what does Laiki mean, how to understand the word Oriyu, what is Zinc, what does it mean, etc.
So let's continue, the meaning of Escape
?
This term was borrowed from the English language “ Escape
”, and is translated as “saving yourself from dangerous situations”, “
escape
”.
This concept has several meanings, and we will analyze only the most popular of them. Escape in Dota 2
are heroes who are able to get out of a hopeless battle and run away, thus saving their skin
In the game Dota 2 there is a huge variety of heroes who have completely different abilities, including “Escape”. A feature of such characters is the ability to teleport or invisibility. This skill has two sides to the coin; characters are able not only to quickly escape, but also unexpectedly find themselves in the thick of battle. Characters with similar skills can be counted on one hand, for example Timber with a chain; Rikimaru with visa; Antiman with blink
etc. Additionally, there is an eSports team that uses the word "
Escape
" as its name.
Some particularly inquisitive citizens want to know what an Escape Room means
?
Escape room
this is a reality game in which you enter a room, you are locked in, and you need to find a way out using various clues left in the room
This is done exclusively by enthusiasts on a voluntary basis. Our country uses small spaces and therefore it will take you two to three hours to get out of the room. These rooms are filled with puzzles, search riddles, and the interior will be decorated beyond all praise. For which they can be forgiven for small omissions.
Escape
this is the name of the key on the keyboard “
Esc
”, which allows you to interrupt or cancel an operation or action (
located at the top left
)
In different applications, the function of this key differs markedly. For example:
- Cancel changes in MS Excel;
- Minimizing the program;
- Cancel selection;
- Exit to the main menu (mainly in games);
- Closing the program window;
- Cancels the current operation.
By the way, this word is used in the excellent game Escape from Tarkov / Escape from Tarkov
, though with an exorbitant price. The meaning of it is that you need to get out of the city, which is controlled by PMCs, bandits and the military. I didn’t play it myself, for purely financial reasons; if it were cheaper, I would buy it without hesitation.
After reading this article, you learned what Escape means.
, and now you can explain the meaning of this term to your acquaintances and friends.
Overdose symptoms
If the dosage specified in the instructions is not followed, symptoms of kidney dysfunction may appear. They are reversible - after stopping the use of tablets, kidney function is restored.
If acute symptoms of overdose occur, you must take several tablets of activated charcoal and saline laxatives. A gastric lavage procedure may be necessary. In extreme cases, it is recommended to seek emergency help. In certain situations, the doctor may decide to perform hemodialysis.
