Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
Chemically, levofloxacin is the L-isomer of the racemate of the drug Ofloxacin . the L-isomer of Ofloxacin that has an antibacterial effect .
An antibacterial agent from the pharmacological group of fluoroquinolones , inhibits the activity of type 2 topoisomerase DNA gyrase and topoisomerase of bacterial cells. The action in the cells of gram-negative microorganisms is directed mainly at DNA gyrase , and in gram-positive microorganisms - at topoisomerase of the fourth type.
Active against gram-negative aerobes : Haemophilus influenzae, Branchamella cataralis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; gram-positive aerobes : Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphyloccocus aureus.
Pharmacokinetics
After use, levofloxacin is well fixed in the tear film. Typically, the average concentration in the blood 60 minutes after use ranges from 0.86-2.05 ng/ml.
The highest concentration of levofloxacin in the blood is recorded on the fourth day after two days of using the drug eight times a day.
Oftaquix eye drops 5 mg/ml in a dropper tube 0.3 ml No. 10 ml in bags No. 10x1
Name
Oftaquix solution (supply) 5 mgml in drop tube 0.3 ml in pack No. 10x1
Description
A transparent, light yellow to light greenish-yellow solution that does not contain visible inclusions.
Main active ingredient
Levofloxacin
Release form
Solution/eye drops 5 mg/ml. 0.3 ml of solution in a dropper tube for single use. 10 dropper tubes, soldered in the form of a plastic tape, are placed in three-layer laminated paper bags. 1 package along with instructions for use is placed in a cardboard box.
Dosage
5 mg / 1 ml 0.3 ml
special instructions
For any transient visual impairment, patients should be advised to wait until vision is restored before driving or operating mechanical equipment.
pharmachologic effect
An antimicrobial drug from the fluoroquinolone group. Levofloxacin is the L-isomer of the racemic drug substance ofloxacin. The antibacterial activity of ofloxacin relates mainly to the L-isomer. Levofloxacin blocks DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, disrupts supercoiling and cross-linking of DNA breaks, suppresses DNA synthesis, and causes profound morphological changes in the cytoplasm, cell wall and membranes. Active against gram-negative aerobes: Branchamella (Moraxella) cataralis, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; gram-positive aerobes: Staphyloccocus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes.
Pharmacokinetics
After instillation into the eye, levofloxacin is well preserved in the tear film. In studies in healthy volunteers, mean concentrations of levofloxacin in the tear film measured 4 and 6 hours after topical application were 17 mcg/ml and 6.6 mcg/ml, respectively. In five of six subjects, levofloxacin concentrations were 2 μg/ml or higher 4 hours after instillation. In four out of six subjects, this concentration remained 6 hours after instillation. The average concentration of levofloxacin when using Oftaquix eye drops in aqueous humor is statistically significantly (p=0.0008) higher than the average concentration of ofloxacin (1139.9±717.1 ng/ml and 621.7±368.7 ng/ml, respectively). The average concentration of levofloxacin in blood plasma 1 hour after administration is from 0.86 ng/ml to 2.05 ng/ml. Cmax of levofloxacin in plasma equal to 2.25 ng/ml was detected on the fourth day after 2 days of using the drug every 2 hours up to 8 times a day. The Cmax of levofloxacin achieved on the fifteenth day was more than 1000 times lower than the concentration observed after oral administration of standard doses of levofloxacin.
Indications for use
Local treatment of superficial bacterial infections of the eye caused by microorganisms sensitive to levofloxacin in adults and children aged 1 year and older. Official guidance on the appropriate use of antibacterial agents should be taken into account. Oftaquix is indicated for use in adults, children aged 1 to 12 years, and adolescents aged 12 to 18 years.
Directions for use and doses
Locally, instilled into the affected eye. During the first two days while awake - every 2 hours, 1-2 drops into the affected eye, up to 8 times a day. From the 3rd to the 5th day of treatment - 1-2 drops into the affected eye 4 times a day. The duration of treatment is determined by the doctor and is usually 5 days.
Use during pregnancy and lactation
Pregnancy: There are no adequate data on the use of levofloxacin in pregnant women. Animal studies are insufficient regarding effects on pregnancy, embryonic development and the fetus, as well as on labor and postnatal development of the newborn. The potential risk of the drug for humans is unknown. Oftaquix® eye drops, 5 mg/ml, can be used during pregnancy if the expected benefit to the mother outweighs the possible risk to the fetus. Breastfeeding: Levofloxacin passes into breast milk. However, when Oftaquix® is used in therapeutic doses, no effects on an infant are expected. Oftaquix® eye drops, 5 mg/ml, can be used during breastfeeding if the potential benefit to the mother outweighs the possible risk to the nursing infant.
Precautionary measures
Oftaquix® eye drops, 5 mg/ml, should not be administered subconjunctivally or directly into the anterior chamber of the eye. Fluoroquinolones for systemic use can cause allergic reactions even after a single use. If an allergic reaction to levofloxacin occurs, you should stop using eye drops. As with other antimicrobial agents, long-term use of the drug can lead to the growth of resistant strains of microorganisms, including fungi. If infectious manifestations worsen or clinical improvement is not observed after a certain period, it is necessary to stop using the drug and prescribe alternative therapy. When using other ophthalmic agents simultaneously, the interval between instillations should be at least 15 minutes. Patients who have symptoms of a superficial bacterial eye infection should not wear contact lenses. To avoid contamination of the dropper tip and solution, do not touch the eyelids or tissue around the eye with the tip of the dropper.
Interaction with other drugs
No specific studies have been conducted on the interaction of Oftaquix eye drops. Since the maximum plasma concentration of levofloxacin after topical application to the eye is at least 1000 times lower than after standard oral doses, interactions with other drugs characteristic of systemic use are likely to be clinically insignificant.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to the active substance - levofloxacin, other quinolones or any excipient.
Compound
1 ml of eye drops contains: Active substance: 5.12 mg of levofloxacin hemihydrate, equivalent to 5.0 mg of levofloxacin. Excipients: Sodium chloride, hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide, water for injection.
Overdose
The total amount of levofloxacin contained in one vial of eye drops is too small to cause toxic reactions, even after accidental ingestion. After topical application of an excess dose of Oftaquix eye drops, the eye should be rinsed with clean (tap) water at room temperature.
Side effect
Side effects may occur in approximately 10% of patients. Often (1-10%): burning sensation in the eye, decreased visual acuity, appearance of mucous strands. Rarely (0.1-1%): blepharitis, chemosis, papillary growths on the conjunctiva, eyelid swelling, discomfort in the eye, itching in the eye, eye pain, conjunctival hyperemia, the appearance of follicles on the conjunctiva, dry eye syndrome, eyelid erythema, eye irritation , contact dermatitis, photophobia and allergic reactions. Other: during clinical trials - headache, rhinitis.
Storage conditions
Store at temperatures below 25 °C. Keep out of the reach of children.
Side effects
- most often occur: a burning sensation in the eye area, decreased visual acuity, identification of mucous strands;
- less frequently appear: blepharitis , growths in the form of papillae on the conjunctiva, swelling of the eyelids, chemosis , discomfort in the eye area, pain or itching in the eye area, development of follicles on the conjunctiva, contact dermatitis , hyperemia erythema eyelids , dry eye syndrome , photophobia, eye irritation and allergic reactions;
- other reactions: rhinitis and headache .
Antiviral specialized eye drops
Discomfort and painful symptoms can be caused by a variety of factors affecting the eyes. Antiviral and antibacterial drugs differ in their effects and perform different functions.
The first are intended to eliminate viral diseases of the mucous membrane of the eyes. The medicine is evenly distributed throughout the mucous membrane and effectively affects viruses. Antiviral eye drops can be indicated for both adults and used to treat children. These funds can improve immunity, smooth out unpleasant symptoms of the disease, reduce the risk of complications and minimize the progression of pathology.
The main active component in specialized antiviral drops is interferon. This component is produced in the human body and allows the immune system to independently fight diseases. But sometimes the production of interferon is disrupted, so pathologies can progress. Exposure to antiviral drops allows you to restore the natural balance due to the artificial entry of interferon into the body, which blocks the reproduction of viruses. It is important to know that antiviral eye drops are used not only for therapeutic treatment, but are also actively used for the prevention of ophthalmic pathologies and their relapses.
special instructions
These eye drops cannot be used subconjunctivally or injected into the anterior chamber of the eyeball.
When using other ophthalmic agents together, the interval between their use should be more than 15 minutes.
This medication should not be used while wearing hydrophilic contact lenses.
To prevent contamination of the dropper and the drug solution, the tip of the dropper of the bottle should not come into contact with the periorbital tissues.
Antibacterial eye drops: principle of action
Experts determine the effect of antibiotic drops on pathogenic microflora by destroying aggressive bacteria using chemical components in their composition.
Antibacterial drugs are of two types based on the principle of action: bacteriostatic and bactericidal. The former do not directly destroy harmful microorganisms, but act on their cells in such a way that they stop reproducing and gradually begin to die out. At the stages when the number of harmful bacteria becomes smaller, the patient’s immune system is involved in the fight against them.
The second - bactericidal (antibacterial) drops act directly on the cells of microorganisms, which instantly die. It is worth noting that extinct bacteria release toxic substances into human blood. Therefore, in order to eliminate this negative impact, experts prescribe treatment, which includes taking bacteriostatic drops.
Oftaquix's analogs
Level 4 ATX code matches:
Dancil
Oftadek
Signitsef
Vitabact
Okomistin
Tsiprolet
The most common analogues: L-Optic Rompharm, Signicef, OD-Levox, Zimaxid, Oftalmodek, Povisep, Ciborat-Oftan, Posiformin.
Antiviral eye drops: indications for use
Antimicrobial drugs for the treatment of the visual apparatus are prescribed when inflammatory processes caused by the presence of viruses are detected. The main diseases that can be caused by bacterial organisms (viruses) include:
- uveitis;
- conjunctivitis;
- keratoconjunctivitis;
- keratitis;
- iridocyclitis;
- neuritis.
In addition, antiviral agents for the eyes can be used to eliminate diseases caused by adenoviruses, piconaviruses, cytomegaloviruses, enteroviruses and herpes viruses. Before prescribing the drops, the specialist conducts an examination to identify the causative agent of the pathology.
Oftaquix price, where to buy
In Russia, the price of Oftaquix eye drops is 207-242 rubles, in Ukraine it starts from 130 hryvnia.
- Online pharmacies in RussiaRussia
- Online pharmacies in UkraineUkraine
- Online pharmacies in KazakhstanKazakhstan
ZdravCity
- Oftaquix drops hl.
0.5% 5mlSanten OY RUR 223 order
Pharmacy Dialogue
- Oftaquix (eye drops 0.5% 5ml)Santen/NextPharma JSC
RUB 232 order
- Oftaquix (eye drops 0.5% 5ml)Santen
RUB 224 order
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Pharmacy24
- Oftaquix 0.5% 5mg/ml 5 ml eye drops Santen AT, Finland
169 UAH.order - Oftaquix 5 mg/ml 0.3 ml No. 10 eye drops Santen AT, Finland
230 UAH. order
PaniPharmacy
- Oftaquix liquid Oftaquix h/c 5ml Finland, Santen
192 UAH order
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What are antibacterial antibiotic eye drops?
Antibiotic ophthalmic medications are topical, meaning they are not taken orally.
They are necessary when infectious pathologies occur, when the activity and spread of pathogenic microflora is observed on the surfaces of the eye tissues. Often, infection can develop in the internal part of the tissue. It is possible to eliminate pathogens only through specialized antibacterial drops. However, it is important to know that such drugs are rarely used to treat viral and fungal diseases of the visual system, since there are separate means for this - antiviral eye drops.
Thus, anti-inflammatory eye drops with an antibiotic differ in effectiveness and consistency, and may also include various main and auxiliary components. In modern ophthalmology, there are several groups of antibiotics to eliminate the activity of pathogenic bacteria, these include:
- tetracyclines;
- fluoroquinolones;
- macrolides.
Antibacterial drops for children
Ophthalmologists approach the prescription of antibacterial drugs for the eyes of children with special attention, since some of them have a number of side effects. Most often, doctors combine several weak-acting drugs, which may include:
- "Maxitrol" - drops that have a bacteriostatic effect and at the same time destroy pathogenic microorganisms.
- Vigamox is a product made from the antibiotic moxifloxacin. It directly affects bacteria at the cellular level, blocking their reproduction.
- "Vitabact" - contains the active component picloxidine, which has an antibacterial and antimicrobial effect. Easily tolerated by children over 1 year of age and does not cause discomfort.
Antiviral eye drops for adults
The modern ophthalmological market offers a huge number of drugs, including inexpensive antiviral eye drops. These include: “Levomycetin”, “Florenal”, “Albucid”. Also, for adult patients, a specialist can prescribe the following effective remedies:
- "Ophthalmoferon" - intended to combat adenovirus and herpes. The drug not only effectively combats the nature of the pathology, but also performs an analgesic function.
- "Poludan" - destroys adenoviruses, eliminates herpes and increases local immunity.
- "Adgelon" - has a direct antiviral effect, blocks the proliferation of viruses, accelerates the healing process, increasing local immunity. The product is low toxic.
Antiviral drops for children's eyes
The main difference between antiviral drugs prescribed to children is a milder and non-toxic effect on the visual apparatus. Most of them can be used from birth. Popular eye drops for children include:
- "Okomistin" is used to treat viral diseases of the visual organs from birth. The drug has a wide range of actions and is effective in the presence of most viral strains.
- "Ganciclovir" - indicated in the presence of herpes and cytomegalovirus. It acts on the DNA of the virus, completely destroying it. It is important to know! These drops are indicated for children from 12 years of age.
- "Fucitalmic" - effectively eliminates viral diseases. Can be used even for babies, the drug is absolutely non-toxic.
Remember, the selection of medications can only be carried out by a specialist after identifying the cause of the disease. Independent choice of a drug can lead to irreversible processes and deterioration of the health of the visual system.
MagazinLinz.ru team
