Procedure for using Terraflex fertilizer

Effect on the body

Tissue repair stimulator.

Pharmacokinetics

Glucosamine

Absorption. The bioavailability of glucosamine when taken orally is 25% (the “first pass” effect through the liver).

Metabolism. After absorption of an oral dose, radiolabeled glucosamine is initially detected in the plasma and later penetrates into tissues. The highest concentrations are found in the liver, kidneys and articular cartilage. About 30% of the dose taken persists for a long time in the tissues of bones and muscles.

Elimination. It is excreted primarily by the kidneys unchanged; partly through the intestines. The half-life of the drug is 68 hours.

Chondroitin sulfate

Absorption. When chondroitin sulfate is taken orally in a single dose of 0.8 g (or 2 times a day 0.4 g), the plasma concentration increases over 24 hours. The absolute bioavailability is 12%.

Metabolism. Metabolized by desulfurization.

Elimination. Excreted by the kidneys. Half-life 310 min.

Instructions for use THERAFLEX® (THERAFLEX®)

Glucosamine

Suction

After oral administration of 14C-labeled glucosamine, it is rapidly and almost completely absorbed, with about 90% of the radioactive tracer being detected in the systemic circulation. The absolute bioavailability of glucosamine in humans after oral administration was 44%, including the first-pass effect. After daily oral administration of glucosamine at a dose of 1500 mg to healthy volunteers under fasting conditions, Cmax in plasma at steady state averaged after 3 hours (Tmax) about 1602 ± 426 ng/ml. At steady state, AUC was 14564±4138 ng×h/ml. It is unknown whether food intake has a significant effect on oral bioavailability. The pharmacokinetics of glucosamine are linear in the dose range of 750-1500 mg with deviation from linearity at a dose of 3000 mg due to lower bioavailability. There are no gender differences in the absorption and bioavailability of glucosamine. The pharmacokinetics of glucosamine were similar in healthy volunteers and patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Distribution

After oral absorption, glucosamine is distributed in various vascular compartments, incl. synovial fluid, with an apparent Vd 37 times higher than the total fluid volume in humans. Glucosamine does not bind to plasma proteins. Therefore, it is extremely unlikely that glucosamine is capable of drug interactions when taken together with other drugs that have a high degree of binding to plasma proteins.

Metabolism

The metabolic profile of glucosamine has not been studied, since being an endogenous substance, it is used as a “building material” for the biosynthesis of articular components of cartilage. Glucosamine is primarily metabolized by conversion to hexosamine, independent of the cytochrome system. Does not act as an inhibitor or inducer of human CYP450 isoenzymes, including CYP3A4, 1A2, 2E1, 2C9 and 2D6.00. There were no clinically significant interactions between glucosamine and other drugs that could occur through inhibition and/or induction of human CYP450 isoforms.

Removal

In humans, T1/2 of glucosamine from plasma is 15 hours. After oral administration of 14C-labeled glucosamine, excretion in urine was 10±9%, in feces - 11.3±0.1% of the administered dose. The average excretion of unchanged glucosamine after oral administration in humans is approximately 1% of the administered dose, suggesting that the kidney and liver do not play a significant role in the elimination of glucosamine, its metabolites and/or its degradation products.

Pharmacokinetics in special groups of patients

Pharmacokinetic studies of glucosamine have not been conducted in patients with renal or hepatic impairment. These studies were considered inappropriate due to the insignificant contribution of the liver and kidneys to the metabolism, degradation and excretion of glucosamine. Therefore, given the favorable safety profile and good tolerability of glucosamine, dosage adjustment of the drug is not required in patients with renal or hepatic impairment.

The pharmacokinetics of glucosamine have not been studied in children and adolescents.

Pharmacokinetic studies have not been conducted in elderly patients, however, clinical trials of the effectiveness and safety of glucosamine included mainly elderly patients. It has been shown that there is no need for dose adjustment in this category of patients.

Chondroitin sulfate

Pharmacokinetics have not been studied.

Clinical pharmacology

Stimulates the regeneration of cartilage tissue. Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate take part in the synthesis of connective tissue, helping to prevent cartilage destruction and stimulate tissue regeneration. Administration of exogenous glucosamine enhances the production of cartilage matrix and provides nonspecific protection against chemical damage to cartilage. Another possible effect of glucosamine is the protection of damaged cartilage from metabolic destruction caused by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and glucocorticosteroids (GCs), as well as its own moderate anti-inflammatory effect.

Chondroitin sulfate serves as an additional substrate for the formation of a healthy cartilage matrix. Stimulates the formation of hyaluronon, the synthesis of proteoglycans and type II collagen, and also protects hyaluronon from enzymatic breakdown (by suppressing the activity of hyaluronidase); maintains the viscosity of synovial fluid, stimulates cartilage repair mechanisms and inhibits the activity of those enzymes that break down cartilage (elastase, hyaluronidase). In the treatment of osteoarthritis, it relieves the symptoms of the disease and reduces the need for NSAIDs.

Types of Terraflex fertilizer, their description and composition

Top dressing is a complex mineral preparation to stimulate active plant growth during the growing season. Helps to develop the green part of crops. It is used as foliar feeding at all stages of plant life. Completely dissolves in water, leaving no sediment. Contains:

• nitrogen;
• iron;
• zinc;
• phosphorus;
• boron;
• magnesium;
• copper;
• potassium;
• sulfur oxide;
• molybdenum;
• manganese.

The composition is balanced, safe for plants, humans and the environment. There are various brands that differ in the proportional inclusion of macro- and microelements in the composition. The drug comes in 5 types.

Start

Promotes the growth of the root system. Highly effective on alkaline soil, where phosphorus is poorly absorbed.

Station wagon

The absorption of fertilizer by the plant occurs quickly due to the presence of nitrogen in the nitrite form. Effective when used with calcium nitrate when growing crops on a small amount of substrate.

Compound

The miraculous properties of the product are explained by its composition. The composition includes the following components:

• Nitrogen;
• Phosphorus;
• Magnesium;
• Potassium;
• Zinc;
• Iron.

Microelements are presented in chelated form, which indicates their simplest absorption. Nitrogen is presented in amide form, which is most efficiently absorbed. Similar elements and their combination ensure the accelerated formation of the aboveground part of crops. The balanced content of components provides the following advantages of the product:

• Accelerated and effective dissolution in water. During the procedure for preparing the working solution, no precipitate appears;
• The preparation contains no unnecessary impurities, which ensures increased purity and protects the delicate leaf plate from burns;
• Fertilizer can be combined with most pesticides. When combined, no sediment will form;
• If the crop is grown in not the best conditions, the product will provide it with protection from stress and subsequent problems with cultivation;
• The composition does not contain sodium or chlorine, and therefore the leaf plates are reliably protected from burns;
• The elements are presented in forms that are easiest to understand.

Teraflex has thoughtful content, and therefore it is safe but effective.

Next: liquid fertilizer potassium nitrate

What can be fertilized?

What can be fertilized with Teraflex? This is an almost universal product, suitable for the following types:

• Barley;
• Peas;
• Potato;
• Onion;
• Beet;
• Cabbage;
• Broccoli;
• Carrot.

The product is applicable to most products grown in the garden. There are different types of it for different stages of development.

The presence of varieties ensures use at all stages of formation:

1. Start . You can choose it at the beginning of the season. Necessary to stimulate the formation of the root system. Particularly effective in alkaline soils;
2. 17+17+17. Recommended for intensive vegetative development. Effective for accelerating the formation of the above-ground part of the crop. Best absorbed through leaf blades;
3. 4+8+36. You can take it at the end of the growing season, since at this time vegetables need potassium.

Next: flora-c fertilizer

Fertilizer cost

Sold in online stores and local horticultural sales points.

The drug is economically beneficial due to its low dosage.

The new generation fertilizer “Terraflex” contains a large amount of nutrients and has good solubility in water. Microelements are present in correctly selected form for rapid absorption by green spaces.

Application

Before starting the fertilizing process, you should carefully read the instructions.

Terraflex cannot be combined with calcium nitrate.

Foliar feeding is carried out at the rate of 1-5 kg ​​per 100 acres, the solution concentration is 0.1-0.5%.

For drip irrigation, a dosage of 1-6 kg / 100 m2 is used, dilution is 0.5-1 kg / 1 t of water.

Teraflex® Plus

Teraflex® Plus promotes:

Intensive restoration of cartilage tissue of intervertebral discs and joints of the spine1-6,13

Reduce muscle soreness7-12

Theraflex® Plus for the back is a unique product that has a complex effect, promoting intensive restoration of cartilage tissue and reducing muscle soreness.

The components of Theraflex® Plus help reduce the need for painkillers, increasing the safety of treatment.

• Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate have a chondroprotective effect, taking part in the processes of natural restoration of cartilage tissue that is subject to wear due to physical activity or under the influence of pathological processes. Glucosamine enhances the synthesis of type II collagen, chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid. Chondroitin sulfate has an analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect, promotes active regeneration of cartilage.
• B vitamins are cofactors of enzymes involved in the production of energy in the cell, without which its normal functioning is impossible. Strengthen the chondroprotective effect of glucosamine and chondroitin.
  Vitamin B3 deficiency is associated with the development of osteoarthritis, including in the spinal joints. Vitamin B3 plays a critical role in metabolic processes and tissue respiration.

  With a deficiency of vitamin B1, the activity of various parts of the nervous system and skeletal muscles is disrupted. Vitamin B1 (thiamine hydrochloride) plays a key role in carbohydrate metabolism and energy generation processes in the body's cells. The addition of vitamin B1 to the complex of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate enhances their chondroprotective effect.

  Vitamin B5 plays a key role in providing energy to cells.

  Vitamin B6 is necessary for the synthesis of neurotransmitters and supports metabolic processes in nervous tissue.

  Vitamins B1 and B6 potentiate each other's effects, which is manifested in a positive effect on the nervous, muscular and cardiovascular systems.

  Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) is involved in the synthesis of the myelin sheath of nerve cells, stimulates hematopoiesis, reduces pain associated with damage to the peripheral nervous system, regulates nucleic acid metabolism in synergism with sfolic acid.

A combination of Glucosamine and Chondroitin in proven effective doses, enhanced with B vitamins.

This combination promotes restoration processes in the spine and surrounding tissues in conditions that are accompanied by back pain

Recommendations for use:

Adults: 2 capsules 2 times a day with meals.

Duration of treatment is 1-2 months.

*Plus the trademark Teraflex® dietary supplement (dietary supplement) 1. Henrotin, Y. & Lambert, C. Chondroitin and glucosamine in the management of osteoarthritis: an update. Curr Rheumatol Rep 15, 361 (2013).

2. Leela, A. et al. Pharmacological treatment options for osteoarthritis: focus on symptomatic slow-acting drugs (SYSADOA) and individual patient characteristics. Resolution of the international meeting of experts. Contemporary Rheumatology 13, 143–147 (2019). 3. Zhu, X., Sang, L., Wu, D., Rong, J. & Jiang, L. Effectiveness and safety of glucosamine and chondroitin for the treatment of osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Orthop Surg Res 13, 170 (2018). 4. Fransen, M. et al. Glucosamine and chondroitin for knee osteoarthritis: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluating single and combination regimens. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 74, 851–858 (2015). 5. Nagaoka, I., Tsuruta, A. & Yoshimura, M. Chondroprotective action of glucosamine, a chitosan monomer, on the joint health of athletes. Int. J Biol. Macromol. 132, 795–800 (2019). 6. Tsuruta, A., Horiike, T., Yoshimura, M. & Nagaoka, I. Evaluation of the effect of the administration of a glucosamine containing supplement on biomarkers for cartilage metabolism in soccer players: A randomized double blind placebo controlled study. Mol Med Rep 18, 3941–3948 (2018). 7. Chen, L.-Y. & Liu-Bryan, R. Effect of nicotinamide riboside on cartilage matrix homeostasis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 27, S148 (2019). 8. Yeong-Mi, S., Choi, W.H. & Kim, TK Factors affecting The Pain of Osteoarthritis Patients. Rese. Jour. of Pharm. and Technol. 12, 699 (2019). 9. Rajaran, JR & Choi, WS Effectiveness of vitamin B complex in reducing chronic temporomandibular joint disorder pain - double blind randomized clinical trial. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 46, 235 (2017). 10. Dehghan, M. Comparative effectiveness of B and E Vitamins with Diclofenac in Reducing Pain Due to Osteoarthritis of the Knee. Med Arh 69, 103 (2015).

11. Amani, A., Safdari, F., Ashtiyani, SC & Aalizadeh, A. The effects of B vitamins on pain relief and improving physical function in patients with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis. Der Pharma Chemica 7, 275–279 (2015). 12. Kobayashi, T., Notoya, K., Nakamura, A. & Akimoto, K. Fursultiamine, a vitamin B1 derivative, enhances chondroprotective effects of glucosamine hydrochloride and chondroitin sulfate in rabbit experimental osteoarthritis. Inflamm. res. 54, 249–255 (2005). 13. Zeng, C. et al. Effectiveness and safety of Glucosamine, chondroitin, the two in combination, or celecoxib in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. Sci Rep 5, 16827 (2015).

Crops for which fertilizers are used

"Terraflex" is a universal effective means for feeding almost all garden plants. Effective for the following crops:

• broccoli;
• beet;
• barley;
• onion;
• melons;
• cucumbers;
• pepper;
• tomatoes;
• carrot;
• peas;
• potato;
• eggplant;
• cabbage.